functions like a name, allowing the dolphins to keep close social bonds.
Researcher shows that dolphins have the longest memory yet known in any species other than people. Elephants are thought to have similar abilities, but they haven’t yet been tested, said study author Jason Bruck, an animal behaviorist at the University of Chicago.
Bruck came up with the idea to study animal memory when his brother’s dog remembered and greeted him four years after last seeing him. He chose dolphins for study because their social bonds are extremely important.
Bruck first played recordings of lots of unfamiliar whistles to the dolphins in the study until they got bored and stopped inspecting the underwater speaker making the sounds. At this point, he played the whistles of the listening dolphins’ old friends.
When the dolphins heard these familiar whistles, they would look up and approach the speakers, often whistling their own name and listening for a response---suggesting they recognized their former companions.
Why dolphins --- which live an average of 20 years in the wild --- need long-term memory is still unknown. But it may have to do with maintaining relationships, since over time dolphin groups often break up and reorganized into new groups.
Coincidence (巧合) ? Bruck suspects not: “It seems that maybe complex cognition (认知) comes from a place of trying to remember who your friends are,” he said. 33. A dolphin can produce a special whistle that ___________. A) identifies itself to other dolphins B) makes other dolphins stay away C) tells other dolphins where it is D) shows friendliness to other dolphins
34. The word “behaviorist” (Line 3, Para. 2) can be best defined as _______. A) a specialist who works underwater to observe ocean animals B) a scientist who studies action patterns of a human or an animal
C) a psychologist who researches on the mental conditions of a social group D) a professional who devotes himself to the protection of animals
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35. The experiments and research have shown that ___________. A) elephants have long memory B) dogs have short memory C) dolphins have long memory D) people have long memory
36. In the experiment, when the whistles of the dolphins’ old friends were played, the dolphins would______________. A) become bored
B) get away from the speakers C) stop responding D) answer by whistling back
37. Bruck thinks dolphins have the ability to remember former companions because it is extremely important for them to ___________. A) live as long as they can B) maintain social relationships C) know where they have been D) tell friends from enemies Passage Two
Questions 38 to 42 are based on the following passage.
A recent U.S. Census (人口统计) Bureau report found that 32% of fathers with working wives routinely care for their children under age 15, up from 26% in 2002. “Fathers are no longer seen as just providers or occasional babysitters (保姆), but as actively engaged in their children’s emotional and daily lives, down to their routine care,” says Lauren Rinelli McClain, an assistant professor at Savannah State University.
The subject is a fast-growing area of research. One recent study found that not only are men’s personal identities increasingly linked to being fathers, but so is their health. Researchers from Ohio State University reported that more fatherly involvement was associated with decreases in depression and risky behaviors for low-income fathers. It also improved their self-reported physical health.
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Having an involved dad is also good for kids. In a study to be published in several months, Randal Day, director of the Family Studies Center at Brigham Young University, measured children’s physiological (生理的) responses when their fathers forgave them for a misdeed. The results showed substantial decreases in the children’s anxiety. “We’re finding that it’s not the outings or fishing trips but fathers’ steady emotional connection that makes the most substantial difference to their children,” says Mr. Day.
However, as men try to be better dads, they are running into the familiar difficulty of balancing kids, career and marriage—a problem that women have been trying to manage since the 1970s. With men as with women, it is marriage itself that often gets neglected.
38. What message do we get from the first paragraph?
A) Children are routinely taken care of by the fathers rather than by their mothers. B) 32% of parents will care for their children in a routine way while 68% won’t do so. C) In 2002. 26% of the children under age 15 were cared for by working parents. D) More and more fathers in the U.S. routinely take care of their young children. 39. Fathers used to be regarded as providers because______________. A) they were responsible for making money to support their family B) they had to earn enough to pay babysitters for their work C) they and their wives worked together to support their family D) they were engaged in their children’s emotional and daily lives
40. It is reported that when fathers get more involved with their kids, ____________. A) they make less money B) they feel more depressed C) they are in better health D) they take more risks
41. While fathers care more for their kids, they pay less attention to their_______. A) family B) behaviors C) marriage D) difficulties 42. Which of the following would make the best title for the passage?
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A) Fathers care more for kids than mothers. B) Fathers are becoming better dads.
C) Research on the role of fathers is on the rise.
D) It is important for fathers to forgive kids for their misdeeds. Passage Three
Questions 43 to 47 are based on the following passage.
Spending time on Facebook can get you down, research has suggested. A study of 82 youngsters found the more they used the social network site, the more unhappy they were. In contrast, talking to friends on the phone or meeting them in person led to greater levels of happiness.
Dr. Ethan Kross said the findings went “to the heart” of how the internet affects our lives. He said: “On the surface, Facebook provides an invaluable resource for fulfilling the basic human need for social connection. But rather than enhance happiness, we found that Facebook use predicts the opposite result--- it undermines (逐渐消弱) it.”
Participants were sent questions by text message at five random times each day for two weeks. Over the two-week period, satisfaction ratings were found to decrease the more people used Facebook. “This is a result of critical importance because it goes to the very heart of the influence that social networks may have on people’s lives,” said co-author Dr. John Jonides.
There was no evidence that people were more likely to log into (进入) Facebook when they felt bad, said the researchers. In addition loneliness and Facebook both had an independent effect on happiness.
“It was not the case that Facebook use served as a substitute for feeling bad or lonely,” said Dr. Kross. Further research is planned to look at the psychological reasons for the negative effect of Facebook on happiness. 43. From the passage we know that Facebook is __________.
A) an e-book B) a web game C) a social-network site D) a research project 44. According to a study, having face-to-face talks with friends ___________.
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A) makes youngsters excited B) is more interesting C) causes emotional problems D) makes people happier
45. According to Dr. Ethan Kross, the findings of the study ________. A) prove that Facebook greatly increase satisfaction ratings B) are used as a valuable resource for social connection C) explain how social networks may influence our daily life D) are the proof that people can not do without the internet 46. What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?
A) When people are in low mood, they start using Facebook. B) People log into Facebook to find evidence of their happiness. C) Loneliness and Facebook produce opposite effects on happiness. D) Facebook is not the sole factor that determines happiness. 47. The last paragraph implies that ____________.
A) reasons for negative effect of Facebook on our happiness are not clear B) enough research has been done into the negative influence of Facebook C) no research is planned to look into psychological reasons for happiness D) Facebook use can function as a substitute for feeling bad or lonely Passage Four
Questions 48 to 52 are based on the following passage.
He’s here! With the world watching, Catherine, Duchess (公爵夫人) of Cambridge, also known as Kate, gave birth to a healthy baby boy on Monday.
The birth of the royal baby topped international news Monday and is expected to cause bug celebrations throughout Britain. The media had been eagerly awaiting the baby’s arrival for the past month.
Already, the newest royal has a clear path to power. As the first child of Prince William and Kate, the baby is third in line to the throne (王位). Under Britain’s monarch (君主) system, the only two people ahead of the baby are his father William and grandfather, Prince Charles. William’s brother, Prince Harry, will be dropped
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