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Campanati, M.; Fornasari, G.; Vaccari, A.
Source: Catalysis Today, v 77, n 4, p 299-314, January 15, 2003; ISSN: 09205861; DOI: 10.1016/S0920-5861(02)00375-9; Publisher: Elsevier Author affiliation:
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Dipto. di Chim. Indust. e dei Mat., INSTM - UdR di Bologna, Università di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy Abstract:
The preparation of heterogeneous catalysts has by now lost all empirical aspects. The approach is scientific and involves a wide number of specific competencies of solid state chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, kinetics, rheology, etc. The
fundamental aspects in the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts starting from catalyst design up to the catalyst in its final form are briefly reviewed, with focus on the key factors in each preparation step and the main differences between laboratory and industrial scale preparations. The main properties of monolithic catalysts and their preparation methods are also reported, considering their relevance for environmental applications. ? 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.(93 refs) Main heading: Catalysts Controlled terms: Catalysis - Gases - Hydrothermal synthesis - Phase equilibria Uncontrolled terms: Heterogeneous catalysts Classification Code: 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 931.2 Physical Properties of Gases, Liquids and Solids
Treatment: Literature review (LIT) - Theoretical (THR) - Experimental (EXP) Database: Compendex
3. Use of Some Organometallic Compounds of Ni, Mo, Cr, and W for Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts. Jiratova, Kveta; Rocek, Josef
Source: Chemicky prumysl, v 37, p 62/5, May 1987; Language: Czech; ISSN: 00092789 Author affiliation:
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CSAV, Prague, Czech, CSAV, Prague, Czech
Abstract:
Some less common methods for the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts are presented, which make use of organometallic compounds of nickel, molybdenum, chromium, and tungstene. The catalytic properties of the prepared catalysts have been evaluated; the advantages and drawbacks of the individual methods are discussed.(47 refs) Main heading: ORGANOMETALLICS
Controlled terms: CATALYSTS - Organometallics Uncontrolled terms: HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSTS
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Classification Code: 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally
Treatment: Experimental (EXP)
Database: Compendex
4. 10th scientific bases for the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts Houghton, Jennifer
Source: Platinum Metals Review, v 55, n 1, p 28-32, January 2011; ISSN: 00321400, E-ISSN: 14710676; DOI: 10.1595/147106711X540643; Publisher: Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Author affiliation:
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Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, United Kingdom Abstract:
The 10th International Symposium on the Scientific Bases for the Preparation of Heterogeneous Catalysts ('PREPA10') was held in Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium from July 11-15, 2010. It was attended by more than 270 delegates from 34 countries, of whom more than 20% were from industry. A scientific committee consisting mainly of industrial representatives refereed all published submissions and selected the presentations, which gave the
symposium a strong industrial focus. The symposium included a number of topics, such as scaling up, shaping and macrostructured catalysts, basic understanding and innovations in unit operations, and nanostructured catalysts. The plenary speaker was Galen Stucky (University of California,Santa Barbara (UCSB), US, who presented a range of topics, including the use of zeolites to prevent fatal blood loss. The highlights of the first session included several presentations on the coating of metallic substrates with catalytic materials.(15 refs) Main heading: Catalysts Controlled terms: Industry - Silicate minerals - Substrates
Uncontrolled terms: Belgium - Blood loss - Catalytic materials - Heterogeneous catalyst - Metallic substrate - Nano-structured catalyst - Santa Barbara - Scaling-up - Unit operation - University of California Classification Code: 912 Industrial Engineering and Management - 911 Cost and Value Engineering; Industrial Economics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 913 Production Planning and Control; Manufacturing - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 482.2 Minerals - 461 Bioengineering and Biology - 801 Chemistry Database: Compendex
5. Preparation of heterogeneous catalysts : SSSSynthesis of highly dispersed solids and their reactivity Delmon, B.
Source: Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, v 90, n 1, p 49-65, October 2007; ISSN: 13886150; DOI: 10.1007/s10973-007-8476-y; Publisher: Kluwer Academic
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Author affiliation:
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CATA, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2/17, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium Abstract:
The preparation of heterogeneous catalysts has been for many years a dynamic field of sub-nanotechnology and remains so nowadays. The approach to preparation must be examined in function of the specific demands concerning (i) activity and (ii) selectivity, that both depend on the arrangement of atoms at a scale smaller than 0.02 nm. Adequate access of reactants to the surface must be provided. Most catalysts are used in the form of pellets or cylinders obtained by pressing, extrusion or other techniques. This implies a control of texture at dimension scales extending from a fraction of a nanometer to several millimetres (and sometimes more). A third demand (iii) is resistance to ageing. In particular, stability at relatively high temperatures is necessary. The strategy adopted in the majority of cases is to start from a material that is homogeneous in composition at the Angstro¨m scale, generally a liquid or a solid of complex composition,
frequently amorphous. A general objective is to locate the different constituting atoms at precise positions. The main difficulty is to transform the starting precursor into a highly porous solid without segregation of different elements that would produce tiny parts with different properties. The specific approach to catalyst preparation is based on the general concepts used for controlling the reactivity of solids. Typical methods of general use will be examined. Chemical bonds of practically any kind can retain the elements constituting the future catalyst at the position they have in the precursor. The so-called 'citrate process' and its variants are of wide application. More elaborate approaches start from molecules or polymers associating the necessary elements. ? 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.(114 refs) Main heading: Catalysts Controlled terms: Chemical
bonds - Diffusion - Nanotechnology - Nucleation - Synthesis (chemical) Uncontrolled terms: Catalyst preparation - Mixed oxide catalysts - Multi-component precursors - Reactivity of solids - Segregation in solids Classification Code: 933.1.2 Crystal Growth - 931.1 Mechanics - 804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 801.4 Physical Chemistry - 761 Nanotechnology Treatment: Theoretical (THR) - Experimental (EXP)
Database: Compendex
6. Aspects of the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts by impregnation Alexiou, M.S.; Sermon, P.A.
Source: Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters, v 51, n 1, p 1-7, Nov 1993; ISSN: 01331736; Publisher: Publ by Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
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Author affiliation:
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Brunel Univ, Middlesex, United Kingdom
Abstract:
Some aspects of impregnating supports to produce heterogeneous catalysts have been considered for silica-supported samples: (i) the ease of determining the point of
`incipient wetness' of the support, (ii) the reactivity of the support in aqueous solution
2+2+
and (iii) the separation of Ni and Cu when impregnated onto the silica from aqueous and alcoholic solutions.(13 refs) Main heading: Catalyst supports Controlled terms:
Copper - Impregnation - Ions - Nickel - Separation - Silica - Solutions - Wetting
Uncontrolled terms: Heterogeneous catalysts - Incipient wetness Classification Code: 544.1 Copper - 548.1 Nickel - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804.2 Inorganic Compounds Treatment: General review (GEN) - Experimental (EXP)
Database: Compendex
7. Instruments for preparation of heterogeneous catalysts by an impregnation method Yamada, Yusuke
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Tetsuhiko
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; Akita, Tomoki; Ueda, Atsushi; Shioyama, Hiroshi; Kobayashi,
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Source: Review of Scientific Instruments, v 76, n 6, 2005; ISSN: 00346748; DOI: 10.1063/1.1938287; Article number: 062226; Publisher: American Institute of Physics Inc.
Author affiliation:
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Research Institute for Ubiquitous Energy Devices, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan Abstract:
Instruments for the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts in powder form have been developed. The instruments consist of powder dispensing robot and an automated liquid handling machine equipped with an ultrasonic and a vortex mixer. The combination of these two instruments achieves the catalyst preparation by incipient wetness and ion exchange methods. The catalyst library prepared with these instruments were tested for dimethyl ether steam reforming and characterized by transmission electron microscopy observations. ? 2005 American Institute of Physics.(11 refs) Main heading: Catalysts Controlled terms: Ethers - Impregnation - Ion
exchange - Robotics - Sol-gels - Solutions - Transmission electron microscopy - Ultrasonics
Uncontrolled terms: Automated liquid handling machines - Dimethyl ethers
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(DME) - Power dispensing robots - Vortex mixers
Classification Code: 804 Chemical Products Generally - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 802.3 Chemical Operations - 804.1 Organic Compounds - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 741.3 Optical Devices and Systems - 731.5 Robotics - 753.1 Ultrasonic Waves
Treatment: Experimental (EXP)
Database: Compendex
8. Design and preparation of heterogeneous catalysts by controlled chemical reactions with oxygen and hydrogen
Cocke, David L.; Naugle, Donald G.; Hess, Thomas R.
Source: Materials Research Society Symposium - Proceedings, v 368, p
121-126, 1995, Synthesis and Properties of Advanced Catalytic Materials; ISSN:
02729172; Conference: Proceedings of the 1994 MRS Fall Meeting, November 28, 1994 - December 2, 1994; Publisher: Materials Research Society Author affiliation:
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Lamar Univ, Beaumont, United States
Abstract:
Chemical reactions of metals and strongly interacting alloys such as Cu-Mn, Ni-Ti, Ni-Hf and Ni-Zr with oxygen and hydrogen play important roles in the preparation, activation, and regeneration of many important heterogeneous catalytic systems involving supported and unsupported metals and alloys. Recent advances in the understanding of metal and alloy oxidation is bringing new insight into the reactive design and activation of bi- and multi-metallic catalysts. By surface studies of oxidation, thermal annealing and reduction of selected alloys and their thin films and reaction layers and products we have been able to delineate the factors which are most important to the oxide formation processes and the oxide reduction processes. Reaction models developed from these results are permitting the design of new catalyst systems and providing long sought understanding to explain specific aspects of well established metallic catalysts.(69 refs) Main heading: Catalysts Controlled terms: Annealing - Chemical reactions - Chemical variables control - Composition - Copper alloys - Mathematical models - Metals - Nickel
alloys - Nitrogen - Oxidation - Oxygen - Reduction
Uncontrolled terms: Controlled chemical reactions - Copper manganese alloy - Heterogeneous catalysts - Nickel hafnium alloy - Nickel titanium alloy - Nickel zirconium alloy - Oxide formation processes - Oxide reduction processes - Thermal annealing
Classification Code: 531.1 Metallurgy - 544.2 Copper Alloys - 731.1 Control Systems - 802.2 Chemical Reactions - 803 Chemical Agents and Basic Industrial Chemicals - 804 Chemical Products Generally
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