运用人力多于资本的生产。
The parts are very labor-intensive which makes them very expensive. 零件是用密集劳动生产出来的，这样价格就很贵。 132.leveraged buyout(LBO) ：举债收购
A procedure by which an investor borrows money to purchase enough of a company’s assets to gain a controlling interest, using the assets of the targeted firm as collateral.
投资者以收购对象的资产作担保，借钱来收购该公司的足够资产以获得控股权的过程。 Sometimes a smaller company will use the technique of a leveraged buyout to takeover another company. 有时候小公司可以用举债收购的手段来接管另一家公司。 133.macroeconomics ：宏观经济学
An economic branch dealing with broad aspects of the economy, esp. factors on a national level.
经济学的分支，研究经济的宏观方面，尤其是国家层次上的因素。 Mr. Samuels is an expert in macroeconomics. 塞谬尔斯先生是位宏观经济学专家。 134.market share ：市场份额
A percentage of total sales within a specific market by one company. 一公司产品的销售总额在某一特定商品市场上所占的百分比。
The kelloggs company has over 50 percent of the market share for breakfast cereals 克洛格公司在早餐粥市场上占有超过 50％以上的份额。 135.mass production ：大规模生产
The manufacturing of goods in large quantities using standardized parts and assembly lines. 利用标准零件和生产线大批量生产商品
Mass production allows a lot of people to enjoy a particular product at a more reasonable price.
大规模生产使得很多人能以更为便宜的价格享用某种产品。 136.microeconomics ：微观经济学
The branch of economics that deals with single units of production and consumption. 经济学的分支，研究生产和消费的单个单位。
Microeconomics in the future will lead to more customization and specialization of products for consumers.
在未来微观经济会导致产品的专业化和客户化以方便顾客。 137.mogul ：商业巨头
Informal. A rich and powerful person in business or industry. 非正式用语。商业或产业界的富有且势力大的人物。
We watched a television interview of an entertainment mogul who had amassed a fortune of over $ 100 million.
我们收看了一段电视访谈，采访对象是一位拤有一亿多美元资产的娱乐业巨头。 138.mommy track ：母亲路线
A career path in which a woman declines rapid advancement in order to spend time with her family.
女性的职业模式。指女性不愿晋升过快，以便有更多时间和家人相处。
Millions of women in the 1990s are choosing the mommy track over climbing the corporate ladder.
90 年代，数以百万计的妇女宁愿走母亲路线也不愿攀登公司的官阶。 139.monopoly ：垄断
A domination of the market by a single company. 由单一公司统治市场的局面。
The breakup of monopolies creates competition, which leads to better quality and lower prices for the public.
打破垄断可以产生竞争，这会给公众带来更好的质量和更低的价格。
140.oligopoly ：寡头垄断
A market condition in which there are few sellers, enabling them to influence price and other factors.
少数商家占有市场，因此他们可以操纵价格和其他因素。
The U.S. auto industry is an oligopoly, because there are only three main producers. 美国汽车工业是寡头垄断的行业，因为只有 3 家主安生产商。 141.Pac Man defense ：帕克曼防卫
An attempt to prevent a hostile takeover in which a targeted company bids to take over the hostile firm.
被定为兼并对象的公司通过出价收购敌对公司，从而阻止其恶意收购。
The out-throat 1980s made strategies like Pac Man defense essential to companies who wanted to survive a hostile takeover.
在竞争残酷无情的 80 年代，对于那些希望躲过恶意兼并的公司来说，帕克曼防卫之类的战略手段太重要了。 142.Paper profit ：纸上盈利
An unrealized profit due to appreciation in value of something owned but not yet sold. 对拤有的某种商品进行估价而计算出来的利润，因为商品没有出手，利润尚未实现。
Jack’s business showed a paper profit last year simply due to the appreciation. 因为评估了公司的所有的资产，去年杰克的生意才有纸上盈利。 143.paradigm shift ：改组
A term by a CEO to inform his company that there will be major changes made. 公司总裁通知公司上下将有重大变化时所用的词。
The CEO of a major computer software manufacture announced a paradigm shift to his executives today.
一家大型软件生产商的总裁今天宣布要对其管理人员进行改组。 144.Peter Principle ：彼得原则
A statement that every employee in a hierarchy tends to rise to the level of his or her incompetence.
一种认为在等级森严的公司里，每个职员都想升到其无法胜任的位置的说法。 The term “Peter Principle” has become quite popular among the American work force. 在美国的劳动力大军里，常可听到”彼得原则”这个术语。 145.poison pill ：反兼并手段，毒丸
Any of various methods devised by a company to thwart a hostile takeover attempt, such as by issuing new stock or instituting a generous package of employee benefits, which would prove costly to a potential acquirer. 公司为挫败敌意兼并所采取的各式各样的方法，如发行新股票，为雇员制定慷慨的福利计划。这会使潜在的兼并 者感到代价昂贵而放弃兼并。
146.power lunch ：事务餐
A business lunch where food is an afterthought to intense dealmaking and negotiation. 在工作午餐上，忙于紧张的交易和谈判而顾不上吃饭。
We’re discussing the possibilities of a company merger over a power lunch this afternoon. 今天下午我们在事务餐上讨论了公司合并的可能性。 147.productivity ：生产力
A measure of ability to produce output from given input 一定投入得到产出的能力的衡量尺度。
Productivity at the XYZ company was up slightly this month over last. XYZ 公司本月的生产比上月略有提高。
148.quality control ：质量管理
Techniques used to eliminate defective products or to improve performance standards and practices.
采用技术以消除次品，或提高经营水帄。
No company can afford to neglect quality control if they wish to remain competitive in the new global economy.
任何一家公司要想在新的全球经济中保持竞争力，就不得不重视质量管理。 149.raw goods ：原材料商品
Materials gathered in original state from nature for use in production. 源于自然，收购来用于生产的原始材料。
Knowledge and information are becoming the most valuable assets to a company while raw goods are becoming less and 18
less valuable.
知识和信息正成为公司最有价值的资产，而原材料商品的价值越来越低。 150.recession ：衰退
A period of no growth in the national economy for at least six months. 国民经济在至少 6 个月的时间里没有任何增长。
A recession is characterized by a decreased demand for goods, increased unemployment, and decline in the gross national product.
衰退的特点是需求下降，失业增加，国民生产总值减少。 151.recovery ：复苏
An increase in business activity following a recession or depression. 在经历衰退或萧条之后出现的经营活动的增加。
Economists often disagree on whether the U.S. is in a recovery or not. 经济学家们对美国经济是否已经复苏看法不一。 152.sanction ：制载
Coercive economic restrictions placed on one nation by another. 一国施加给另一国的强制性经济限制。
The two superpowers are currently negotiating trade sanctions. 两个超级大国目前正就贸易制载进行谈判。 153.service economy ：服务经济
An economy that emphasizes services over industrial production. 强调服务甚于工业生产的经济。
You can enjoy almost anything you want in today’s service economy. 在今天的服务经济中，你可以享受到几乎任何形式的服务。 154.slump ：疲软
A decline in business activity. 经济活动的减少。
The car industry has been in a slump since the beginning of the year. 汽车工业从年初起就一直疲软。
155.smokestack industry ：浓烟工业
A term that refers to heavy manufacturing, such as steel or automobile manufacturing. 指重工业，如钢铁和汽车制造业。
Information and entertainment is replacing the smokestack industry as the new major methods of creating wealth in the economy.
信息和娱乐业正代替浓烟工业，在经济中充当创造财富的新型手段。 156.socioeconomic ：社会经济的
A term used to describe the connection of social and economic factors. 用以描述社会和经济因素的联系。
The study of socioeconomic factors is important in order to understand various groups within society.
要了解社会的各个群体，必须研究社会经济的种种因素。
157.stagflation ：滞胀
A term that combines inflation and stagnation. A condition when inflation and high unemployment occurring together.
“通胀”和”停滞”结合而成的术语，指通货膨胀与高失业率并存的局面。 Stagflation is a very unpopular buzz word in the business world. 滞胀是商界不受欢迎的时髦词语。 158.stock exchange ：股票交易所
A market where securities are traded, such as the New York Stock Exchange. 进行证券交易的市场，如纽约股票交易所。 My friends works at the New York Stock Exchange. 我的朋友在纽约股票交易所工作。 159.stock market ：（1）股市；（2）股市行情 A market in which stocks are bought and sold. 股票买卖的地方。
The general condition of the sale of securities in a corporation. 一家公司的证券销售情况。
The Wall Street Journal gives a daily report of the stock market. 《华尔街日报》每天报告股市行情。 160.supply and demand ：供需
A basic economic law stating that as the price of a good increase, suppliers will be willing to produce more but consumers will demand less, so that price and quantity are both interrelated. 一条经济基本法则，即商品价格上涨时，生产商愿意扩大生产，但消费者的需求下降，这样价格和数量相互制约。 All products must follow the laws of supply and demand. 所有的产品都必须遵守供求法则。 161.surplus ：过剩
A situation in which the supply of goods exceeds the demand, esp. at a given price. 特别是以一定价格销售的商品的供应超过需求的状况。
Smart consumers try to purchase items that are in surplus in order to get more for the same money.
精明的消费者在商品过剩时购买，以便用同样的钱购买更多的商品。 162.tax shelter ： 减免所得税
An investment in certain business, activities, etc. that legally entitles the investor to avoid, reduce, or defer income taxes.
在某些行业、活动等方面的投资，投资者合法地享受减、免或缓交所得税。 Some business use tax shelters in an effort to reduce or defer their income tax. 一些公司采取合法减免所得税的手段来减少或迟交所得税。 163.tech angst ： 技术顾虑
(A combination of “technological” and “anxiety”.) The fear of automation among consumers. “technological”（技术的）和 “anxiety”（担心）的合成词。顾客对自动化产生的担心。
The tech angst of many people makes them reluctant to put their trust in automated teller machines.
许多人有技术顾虑，因而不愿使用自动提款机。 164.technological monopoly ： 技术垄断
A condition in which a company has exclusive rights to a patented product or process. 一公司对专利产品或制作方法享有专属权的状况。
AT & T has a technological monopoly over a number of products and processes in the communications world.
在通讯领域中，美国电话电报公司在一些产品和方法 享有技术垄断。 165.trade barriers ： 贸易壁垒
Tariffs, quotas, and other regulations used by one country to discourage the importation of certain goods.
一个国家为阻碍某些产品的进口所采用的关税、配额和其他规定。
The U.S. is poised to eliminate trade barriers with Mexico and other neighboring countries. 美国准备减少同墨西哥及其他邻近国家的贸易壁垒。 166.trade deficit ： 贸易赤字
An imbalance in which a nation’s imports exceed its exports. 一国进口超过其出口的不帄衡状况。
No nation wants to run a continuous trade deficit with other countries. 没有一个国家愿意自己同他国的贸易处于持续的赤字状态。 167.trade imbalance ： 贸易不帄衡
A condition in which a nation’s exports and imports and imports are not equal. 一国的出口和进口不持帄的状况。
The subject of trade imbalance is an ongoing debate between the U.S. and Japan. 贸易不帄衡是美日两国间长期争论的话题。 168.trickle-down economics ： 滴入式经济学
A theory that government financial incentives to big business will eventually benefit smaller businesses and general public.
一种经济理论，认为政府对大企业的财政补贴最终使小企业和大众受益。
President Bill Clinton dose not believe that trickle-down economics works for the benefit of the nation.
克林顿总统不相信滴入式经济学有益于国家。 169.trust ： 托拉斯
Several companies acting together to control production, pricing, and distribution of a product. 几家公司联合行动以控制一种新产品的生产、定价和销售。
The government has anti=trust laws that regulate against companies forming trusts in order to control product prices and distribution.
政府有反托拉斯法，反对公司组成意在控制产品价格和销售的托拉斯。 170.upward mobility ： 往上晋升
The movement of an individual to ever higher levels of responsibility in a company. 一个人在公司里上升到承担相应责任的较高职位。
It was no surprise to the other workers that the boss’s nephew enjoined such a great degree of upward mobility.
老板的侄子往上晋升如此之快，其他工人并不感意外。 171.white knight ： 公司的救星
A business that prevents a hostile takeover of another company by offering better terms. 一公司通过提出更优厚的条件来阻止另一公司被他人敌意兼并。
One of our affiliates acted as a white knight on our behalf and saved us from being the victims of a hostile takeover.
我们的一家分公司充当了我们公司的救星，使我们免遭敌意兼并。 计算机·Computer
172.abort ：异常中止
To cancel or end a program or procedure while it is in progress.
取消或终止正在运行的程序或过程 We decided to abort the program. 我们决定中止这项程序。
173.access ：访问，存取
The locating and/or obtaining of desired data. 查找和/或获取所需数据
Only authorized personnel can access these computer files. 只有经过授权的人才可以访问这些计算机文件。 174.artificial intelligence (AI) ：人工智能
The branch of computer science that deals with using computers to simulate human thinking