MPIF STANDARD 35
2016 Edition
Materials Standards for
MetalInjectionMolded Parts2016
MPIF Standard 35
Standards Materials Injection Metal for Molded Parts*
*See MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for PM Structural Parts for structural parts made by the powder metallurgy (PM) process.
*See MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for PM Self-Lubricating Bearings for bearings and bushings made by the PM process.
*See MPIF Standard 35, Materials Standards for P/F Steel Parts for steel
components made by the powder forging (PF) process.
Table of Contents—2016 Edition
EXPLANATORY NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Minimum Value Concept .................................................................................. 3 Minimum Mechanical Property Values ............................................................ 3 Minimum Magnetic Property Values ............................................................. 3 Minimum Controlled-Expansion Property Values ........................................ 3 Practical Methods of Demonstrating Part Performance ................................................................................................. 3 Typical Values ......................................................................................................... 4 Chemical Composition...................................................................................... 4 Mechanical Properties ...................................................................................... 4 Heat Treatment ....................................................................................................... 4 Surface Finish ................................................................................................................ 4 Microstructure .......................................................................................................... 4 MIM Material Designation ................................................................................. 4 Material Selection .................................................................................................... 4 Grade Selection ...................................................................................................... 5 Density ........................................................................................................... 5 Ultimate Tensile Strength ................................................................................. 5 Yield Strength .......................................................................................................... 5 Elongation .......................................................................................................................... 5 Elastic Constants .................................................................................................... 5 Young’s Modulus (E) ........................................................................................ 5 Shear Modulus (G) ................................................................................................. 5 Poisson’s Ratio (?) ................................................................................... 5 Impact Energy ................................................................................................................ 5 Macroindentation Hardness (Apparent) ........................................................... 5 Microindentation Hardness ........................................................................... 6 Corrosion Resistance ....................................................................................... 6 Sulfuric Acid Testing ...................................................................................... 6 Copper Sulfate Testing .................................................................................. 6 Boiling Water Testing ..................................................................................... 6 Soft Magnetic Properties .................................................................................. 6 Magnetizing Field (H) ..................................................................................... 6 Induction (B) ......................................................................................................... 6 Maximum Induction (Bm) ............................................................................... 6
Maximum Permeability (μ max)
....................................................................... 6 Coercive Field (Hc) ......................................................................................... 6 Residual Induction (Br)................................................................................... 6 Thermal Properties ................................................................................... 7 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) ........................................................ 7 Thermal Conductivity ................................................................................ 7 SI Units .......................................................................................................... 7 Referenced MPIF Standards .................................................................... 7 Comparable Standard ...................................................................................... 7 DATA TABLES – INCH-POUND UNITS Low-Alloy Steels .................................................................................................. 8-9 Stainless Steels ........................................................................................ 10-11 Soft-Magnetic Alloys ............................................................................... 12-13 Controlled-Expansion Alloys .................................................................. 14-15 Copper .............................................................................................. 16-17 DATA TABLES – SI UNITS Low-Alloy Steels ....................................................................................... 18-19 Stainless Steels ........................................................................................ 20-21 Soft-Magnetic Alloys ................................................................................. 22-23 Controlled-Expansion Alloys .................................................................. 24-25 Copper .............................................................................................. 26-27 1? i
INDEX Alphabetical Listing & Guide to Material Systems &
Designation Codes Used in MPIF Standard 35 ......................................... 28
SI UNITS CONVERSION TABLE Quantities/Terms Used in MPIF Standards ................................................ 33
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MPIF Standard 35 Materials Standards for
Metal Injection Molded Parts
Issued 1993 Revised 2000, 2007 and 2016 Scope MPIF Standard 35 is issued to provide the design and materials engineer with the information necessary for specifying powder metal (PM) materials that have been developed by the PM parts manufacturing industry. This section of Standard 35 deals with products manufactured by Metal Injection Molding (MIM). It does not apply to conventional PM structural materials, PM self-lubricating bearings or powder forged (PF) materials which are covered in separate editions of MPIF Standard 35. Each section of this standard is divided into subsections based on the various types of MIM materials in common commercial use within that section. Notes at the beginning of each subsection discuss the characteristics of that material. The same materials may appear in more than one section of the standard depending upon their common use, e.g., some low-alloy or stainless steel materials may also be used in soft-magnetic applications. The use of any MPIF Standard is entirely voluntary. MPIF Standards are issued and adopted in the public interest. They are designed to eliminate misunderstandings between the manufacturer and the purchaser and to assist the purchaser in selecting and obtaining the proper material for a particular product. Existence of MPIF Standards does not in any respect preclude any member or non-member of MPIF from manufacturing or selling products that use materials or testing procedures not included in MPIF Standards. Other such materials may be commercially available. By publication of these Standards, no position is taken with respect to the validity of any patent rights nor does the MPIF undertake to ensure anyone utilizing the Standards against liability for infringement of any Letters Patent or accept any such liability. Neither MPIF nor any of its members assumes or accepts any liability resulting from use or non-use of any MPIF Standard. In addition, MPIF does not accept any liability or responsibility for the compliance of any product with any standard, the achievement of any minimum or typical values by any supplier, or for the results of any testing or other procedure undertaken in accordance with any Standard. MPIF Standards are subject to periodic review and may be revised. Users are cautioned to refer to the latest edition. New, approved materials and property data may be posted periodically on the MPIF website. Between published editions, go to mpif.org to access data that will appear in the next printed edition of this standard. Both the purchaser and manufacturer should, in order to avoid possible misconceptions or misunderstandings, agree on the following conditions prior to the manufacture of a MIM component: material selection, chemical composition, minimum property values and any other processes, that may affect the part application. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ? Copyright 2016 ISBN No. 978-1-943694-05-1 Published by
Metal Powder Industries Federation
105 College Road East
Princeton, New Jersey 08540-6692 U.S.A.
Tel: (609) 452-7700Fax: (609) 987-8523E-mail: info@mpif.org
Website: mpif.org
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