形容词&副词 形容词
一 形容词定义和特征
1.形容词是用来描写或者修饰名词（代词）的词类。它的语法特征是： 1) 一般位于所修饰的名词之前
(1) We studied famous people and talked about our favourite heroes. (2) You chose a very good hero.
(3) Before her illness, she had been a bright and happy girl. (4) She was very famous for her courage and hard work.
但是当形容词修饰不定代词时要置于其后 (1) I told him something important. (2) Did you meet anyone strange yesterday afternoon? (3) There is something wrong with your neck. (4) I’d like to go somewhere warm this winter holiday. (5) It’s nothing serious. 2) 有独特的后缀
如：-able, ible: disable eatable reusable
-al :formal central
-ant, ent: important different -ful: useful beautiful wonderful -less: helpless careless useless
-ous: famous dangerous humorous -y: dirty rainy icy snowy
*下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、friendly、ugly、silly、sure, glad等。early 既可以做形容词，也可以做副词。以及带有否定前缀。如： unhappy, unimportant 等。 3) 有一类形容词叫做表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive、ill等）。一般在句中做表语。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语。 (1) I am afraid of dogs. (2) The patient is asleep .
(3) She has been ill for a week. (4) Are you sure he will come? (6) I’m glad to see you.
(7) How are you? I’m very well. (8) He looks very well. (9) He studies very well. 2． 形容词的种类 形容词按照构成可以分为简单形容词和复合形容词
1) 简单形容词由单一词构成
good green long large bright public possible
有些形容词是由分词构成：
interesting/interested surprising/surprised exciting/excited
relaxing/relaxed tiring/tired moved/moving confused/confusing amazed/amazing
The film is very interesting.
We are all interested in the film. He is interesting.
2) 复合形容词是由一个以上的词构成
six-year-old one-dollar sixty-minute sixty minutes’ good-looking
hand-made heart-breaking kind-hearted peace-loving three-legged English-speaking
3) 名词化的形容词 名词化的形容词常与定冠词连用 （1）泛指一类人，做主语时要求动词为复数
The young take care of the old The sick were sent home.
The English love tea very much.
二 形容词的功用 形容词可以修饰说明名词和代词，作定语、表语、补语、状语等成分。
1 定语
1) A good boy must behave himself.
2) The old man was too weak to take his daily walk. 3) The wind from the north is bringing heavy rains. 4) He has blond hair and brown eyes. His hair is blond and his eyes are brown. 2 表语
1) Everyone is tired and hungry.
2) He looks very well./ He looks after the baby well. 3) The chicken tasted rather nice./ It’s nice chicken. 5) You’re too loud. 6) He was very strong. 7) It is black.
8) The patient wasn’t awake. 9) They are quite careful.
10) It will be sunny tomorrow.
11) There is a heavy rain. / The rain is falling heavily. 12) I am a teacher. 13) They are sixteen. 14) It is mine.
12) I am a teacher. 13) They are sixteen. 14) It is mine.
15) We are in the classroom. 3 补语
1) I found the book interesting. 2) Have you got everything ready for the journey? 3) I can’t drink it hot. 4) Who has left the door open? 5) keep sb from doing keep sb/sth doing keep sb/sth +adj.
He kept the window open/closed. We kept the boy standing.
He has been away for two months.
副词
一 副词的定义和特征
副词是用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 (1) She did not speak to him often. (2) He walks quickly in the street./ He is quick in the street. (3) “What happened?” he asked, rather angrily. (4) Luckily, he wasn’t hurt badly in the accident. (5) She is sometimes late for school. (6) I am extremely sorry. (7) “Thank you. I’ve had enough,” the stork answered, politely but sadly.
(8) “That’s strange! You’ve hardly eaten anything!” said the fox. “Well, I’m still hungry.”
(9) The stork stuck her long neck into her jar and ate happily. (10) The fox ate his soup quickly.
(11) He could only smell the delicious food down at the bottom. (12) Finally, the stork spoke. “I know you are hungry, fox. But I am not sorry,” she said.
(13) You’ll probably find this book in the library. (14) “Drive slowly” says Jenny.
(15) He swam quickly enough to pass the test. (16) It’s hot enough to go swimming. (17) Lucia returned home at five o’clock yesterday. 二）副词的分类 副词按词汇意义可分为：
方式副词: well, fast, slowly, carefully, quickly 程度副词: very, much, enough, almost, rather, quite 地点副词: here, there, out, somewhere, abroad, home, 时间副词: today, early, soon, now, then, recently, still 频度副词: always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never 否定副词: no, not, neither, nor, 疑问副词 where, how, why 其它 also, too, only 三） 常见副词用法辨析 1 already与yet的区别
already用于肯定句句中，表示“已经”; yet用于否定句句末，表示“还”，用于疑问句句末，表示“已经”
例如，He had already left when I called.当我给他打电话时，他已经离开了。
Have you found your ruler yet? 你已经找到你的尺子了吗？
I haven’t finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。 注意：already 还可以表示惊奇，惊讶等语气，常用于疑问句句末 例如：Has your son gone to school already? 你的儿子已经上学了吗？（表示很惊讶）