solidworks二次开发全教程系列
solidworks二次开发-01-录制一个宏
第一步：
我们需要自己录制一个宏，然后看看程序产生了什么代码。当初学习excel时候就是这么干的。只是，solidworks要复杂一些，直接录制的宏不能使用，需要做一些调整。在没有经验的时候我们最好按照下面的建议来做。
Edit or Debug SolidWorks Macro
Edit or debug SolidWorks macros using Microsoft VBA. 使用Microsoft VBA编辑或调试宏
To edit or debug a SolidWorks macro:
Click Edit Macro on the Macro toolbar, or click Tools, Macro, Edit.
NOTES: 注意：
To automatically edit a macro after recording it, click Tools, Options, Systems Options. On the General tab, select Automatically edit macro after recording and click OK. This setting is persistent across SolidWorks sessions.
此选项Automatically edit macro after recording 顾名思义是在记录宏完毕后自动打开编辑界面。
If you recently edited the macro, you can select it from the menu when you click Tools, Macro. This menu lists the last nine macros that you edited.
已经编辑了宏，菜单中会有最近的9个宏程序列表供选择。 In the dialog box, select a macro file (.swp) and click Open. 选择一个宏swp文件
NOTE: You can also edit .swb files, which are older-style SolidWorks macro files. When you run or edit a .swb file, it is automatically converted to a .swp file. 旧的宏文件后缀为swb，你也可以打开swb，那么会自动保存为swp。
Edit or debug the macro. If it is a new macro, be sure to:如果是新的宏
Delete extra lines of code: 删除一些多余的代码：
The following variables are declared automatically in a SolidWorks macro. Delete any variables not used in the macro. 这些对象的声明是自动产生的，可以将没用的删除 Dim swApp As Object
Dim Part As Object
Dim boolstatus As Boolean
Dim longstatus As Long, longwarnings As Long
Dim FeatureData As Object
Dim Feature As Object
Dim Component As Object
Delete all lines of code that change the view. 删除切换试图的代码
译者注：像这样的 Part.ActiveView().RotateAboutCenter 0.0662574, 0.0346621 无情的删掉吧
Delete all ModelDocExtension::SelectByID2 calls appearing immediately before ModelDoc2::ClearSelection2
calls. However, do not delete ModelDocExtension::SelectByID2 calls appearing immediately after ModelDoc2::ClearSelection2 calls.
Delete all ModelDoc2::ClearSelection2 calls appearing immediately before ModelDocExtension::SelectByID2.
solidworks二次开发-02-用来访问特征的两个API
来学习两个api：
SelectByID2和GetSelectedObject5。这两个函数，第一个通过给出对象的name选择对象。第二个通过启用程序前已经选择的索引得到对象。
看下面程序：
Option Explicit
Dim swApp As SldWorks.SldWorks
Dim Model As ModelDoc2
Dim feature As feature
Dim boolstatus As Variant
Sub main()
Set swApp = Application.SldWorks
Set Model = swApp.ActiveDoc
' 选择叫\拉伸1\的特征
boolstatus = Model.Extension.SelectByID2(\拉伸1\\0, 0, 0, False, 0, Nothing, swSelectOptionDefault)
'主要就是这一句话，在写Option Explicit后函数的最后一个参数swSelectOptionDefault可以使用0来代替
' If the selection was successful, that is, \
' selected and it is a \
' indicate failure
If boolstatus = True Then '如果有“拉伸1”这个特征下面的代码将其选中
Dim SelMgr As SelectionMgr
Set SelMgr = Model.SelectionManager
Set feature = SelMgr.GetSelectedObject5(1) '此处使用一个索引来得到特征
Debug.Print feature.Name Else
Debug.Print \
End If
End Sub
最后列出这两个函数的VB语法：
ModelDocExtension::SelectByID2
Description
This method selects the specified entity.
Syntax (OLE Automation)
retval = ModelDocExtension.SelectByID2 ( Name, Type, X, Y, Z, Append, Mark, Callout. SelectOption )
Input:
(BSTR) Name
Name of object to select or an empty string Input:
(BSTR) Type
Type of object (uppercase) as defined in swSelectType_e or an empty string
Input:
(double) X
X selection location or 0
Input:
(double) Y
Y selection location or 0
Input:
(double) Z
Z selection location or 0
Input:
(VARIANT_BOOL) Append If...
And if entity is...
Then...
TRUE
Not already selected
The entity is appended to the current selection list
Already selected
The entity is removed from the current selection list
FALSE
Not already selected
The current selection list is cleared, and then the entity is put on the list
Already selected
The current selection list remains the same
Input:
(long) Mark
Value that you want to use as a mark; this value is used by other functions that require ordered selection
Input:
(LPCALLOUT) Callout
Pointer to the associated callout
Input:
(long) SelectOption
Selection option as defined in swSelectOption_e (see Remarks)
Output:
(VARIANT_BOOL) retval
TRUE if item was successfully selected, FALSE if not
SelectionMgr::GetSelectedObject5
Description
This method gets the selected object.
Syntax (OLE Automation)
retval = SelectionMgr.GetSelectedObject5 ( AtIndex )
Input:
(long) AtIndex
Index position within the current list of selected items, where AtIndex ranges from 1 to SelectionMgr::GetSelectedObjectCount
Output:
(LPDISPATCH) retval
Pointer to the Dispatch object as defined in swSelType_e; NULL may be returned if type is not supported or if nothing is selected
solidworks二次开发-03-访问特征数据
'coder arden
'filename : getchoosed.swp 'date :2005-03-22
'used to get the simple hole infomation dep & dia 'finished lucky !!
'------------------------------------------------------------
Option Explicit
Dim swApp As SldWorks.SldWorks Dim Model As ModelDoc2 Dim curfeature As feature Dim boolstatus As Boolean
Dim featdata As SimpleHoleFeatureData2 '声明一个简单直孔对象 Dim component As Component2 Dim dep As Double Dim dia As Double
Dim SelMgr As SelectionMgr Dim ncount As Integer
Sub getselected()
Set swApp = Application.SldWorks
Set Model = swApp.ActiveDoc
Set SelMgr = Model.SelectionManager
Set curfeature = SelMgr.GetSelectedObject5(1) '得到当前选中的第一个特征
MsgBox curfeature.Name
Set featdata = curfeature.GetDefinition '得到特征的定义
boolstatus = featdata.AccessSelections(Model, component) ' 可以对数据进行访问了
ncount = featdata.GetFeatureScopeBodiesCount
MsgBox ncount
dep = featdata.Depth dia = featdata.Diameter
MsgBox dia & \
'MsgBox \ '在solidworks中可以使用swAPP.sendmsgtouser2 'featdata.ReleaseSelectionAccess Model.Save
Model.EditRebuild End Sub
**********************************************
上面程序运行前，假设你选择了一个简单直孔特征。然后得到这个孔德一些参数。
孔深、直径等。
solidworks的API虽然是e文的。介绍的还算详细，并且有很多的example。大家可以多看看代码。
要访问一个特征，需要经历这样的步骤：
定义一个特征对象： dim....as ...
得到这个特征 ：比如使用GetSelectedObject5 还有SelectebyID等...
得到定义：GetDefinition
进行访问：AccessSelections
上面的程序没有if选择的容错机制，需要添加上。
solidworks二次开发-04-修改数据
上次已经可以访问特征的各参数了，今天我们来修改它：
要修改前面的步骤不能少，当我们已经可以读取一些特征时，我们就可以给他设定一些值。当然有时需要调用特定的参数。solidworks是ole和com的，所以要习惯这样。
在修改完特征后需要调用函数modifydefinition()来实现变化。
我们给一个例子，这个例子比前面的都要全面，它有很好的容错引导机制，可以直接拿来成为一个稳定的宏程序。
This example doubles the length of the base extrude.这个例子将拉伸凸台的长度增加一倍
Dim swApp As SldWorks.SldWorks
Dim Model As ModelDoc2
Dim Component As Component2
Dim CurFeature As feature
Dim isGood As Boolean
' Will become an ExtrudeFeatureData Object
Dim FeatData As Object
Dim Depth As Double
Dim SelMgr As SelectionMgr
Sub doubleBE()
}}--> }}-->Set swApp = CreateObject(\
}}--> }}-->Set Model = swApp.ActiveDoc
}}--> }}-->' Make sure that the active document is a part
}}--> }}-->If Model.GetType <> swDocPART And Model.GetType <> swDocASSEMBLY Then
‘这里的swDocPART 、swDocASSEMBLY 我的环境没有通过。我使用msgbox Model.GetType 得到整数为1和2
}}--> }}-->Msg = \
}}--> }}-->Style = vbOKOnly ' OK Button only
}}--> }}-->Title = \
}}--> }}-->Call MsgBox(Msg, Style, Title) ' Display error message
}}--> }}-->Exit Sub ' Exit this program
}}--> }}-->End If
}}-->
的笨办法
}}-->
}}--> }}-->' Get the Selection Manager
}}--> }}-->Set SelMgr = Model.SelectionManager
}}-->
}}-->
}}--> }}-->' Get the selected object (first in the group if there are more than one)
}}--> }}-->' Note that at this point CurFeature is just a Feature Object
}}--> }}-->Set CurFeature = SelMgr.GetSelectedObject3(1)
}}--> }}-->If CurFeature Is Nothing Then
}}--> }}-->' Tell the user that nothing is selected
}}--> }}-->swApp.SendMsgToUser2 \
}}--> }}-->Exit Sub
}}--> }}-->End If
}}--> }}-->' Check the feature's type name
}}--> }}-->' Make sure it is an extrusion
}}--> }}-->If Not CurFeature.GetTypeName = swTnExtrusion Then
’在这里使用swTnExtrusion我的环境没有通过，我改成了Extrusion才ok
}}--> }}-->swApp.SendMsgToUser2 \
}}--> }}-->Exit Sub
}}--> }}-->End If
}}--> }}-->' Get the Extrusion's Feature Data
}}--> }}-->Set FeatData = CurFeature.GetDefinition
}}-->
}}-->
}}--> }}-->' Get the access selections for the feature data
}}--> }}-->' Note that Component is NULL when accessing the selections of a standalone part. }}--> }}-->If we were calling AccessSelections from within an assembly, then model would refer to the top-level document in the assembly and component would refer to the actual part.
}}--> }}-->isGood = FeatData.AccessSelections(Model, Component)
}}-->
}}-->
}}--> }}-->' Inform the user of an error
}}--> }}-->If Not isGood Then
}}--> }}-->swApp.SendMsgToUser2 \
}}--> }}-->Exit Sub
}}--> }}-->End If
}}-->
}}-->
}}--> }}-->' Make sure the user has selected the base extrude
}}--> }}-->If Not FeatData.IsBaseExtrude Then
}}--> }}-->swApp.SendMsgToUser2 \
}}--> }}-->FeatData.ReleaseSelectionAccess
}}--> }}-->Exit Sub
}}--> }}-->End If
}}-->
}}-->
}}--> }}-->' Change the depth of this extrusion to double its previous depth
}}--> }}-->Depth = FeatData.GetDepth(True)
}}--> }}-->FeatData.SetDepth True, Depth * 2
}}-->
}}-->
}}--> }}-->' Implement the changes to the feature
}}--> }}-->isGood = CurFeature.ModifyDefinition(FeatData, Model, Component)
}}-->
}}-->
}}--> }}-->' If the modify definition failed
}}--> }}-->If Not isGood Then
}}--> }}-->swApp.SendMsgToUser2 \
}}--> }}-->' Release the AccessSelections
}}--> }}-->FeatData.ReleaseSelectionAccess
}}--> }}-->End If
}}-->
}}-->
End Sub
如果出现特征出现“退回”状态，我现在还没有找到问题的原因，只能在代码执行到最后调用
Model.Save
Model.Rebuild
这两个函数来自动更新。
Solidworks二次开发---05--装配体中插入零部件
在往装配体中插入零部件时，我们使用addcomponent 函数。如果需要选定零部件的配置，则需要使用addcomponent4。
先学习下语法：
addcomponent4：
retval = AssemblyDoc.AddComponent4 ( compName, configName, x, y, z)
Input: (BSTR) compName Path name of a loaded part or assembly to add as a component
Input: (BSTR) configName Name of the configuration from which to load the component
Input: (double) x X coordinate of the component center
Input: (double) y Y coordinate of the component center
Input: (double) z Z coordinate of the component center
Output: (LPCOMPONENT2) retval Pointer to the Component2 object
需要注意的是：参数1为文件的全名（包括路径）；参数2为文件的配置名称；当函数执行成功购返回一个指向该零件的指针。
于是我们可以如下写一个小程序，用来给装配体中插零件：
‘filename:insertPart.swp
‘write by arden
2005-4-4
‘this function add a part called “零件1.SLDPRT” in CurrentWorkingDirectory
‘precondition is there has a part document called “零件1.SLDPRT” in CurrentWorkingDirectory
‘and it has a configuration called “配置1”
Dim swApp As SldWorks.SldWorks
Dim Model As ModelDoc2
Dim pth As String
Dim strpath As String
Sub insertPart()
Set swApp = Application.SldWorks
strpath = swApp.GetCurrentWorkingDirectory
Set Model = swApp.ActiveDoc
pth = strpath & \零件1.SLDPRT\ ‘得到文件的FULLPATH全名
‘当前工作路径
Model.AddComponent4 pth, \配置1\ ‘添加零部件
End Sub
然而，这个程序比不是想象中那么好用。为什么呢？？回头看addcomponent4的remark，上面这样写：
The specified file must be loaded in memory. A file is loaded into memory when you load the file in your
SolidWorks session (SldWorks::OpenDoc6) or open an assembly that already contains the file.
就是说你想指定的插入的文件必须在调用函数之前已经在内存中加载了。
不习惯，你就不能直接打开多简单，没办法，我还没有找到好的方法，只能按人家的来：
看看下面的函数Opendoc6，它打开一个文档：
Opendoc6：
retval = SldWorks.OpenDoc6 ( filename, type, options, configuration, &Errors, &Warnings )
Input: (BSTR) Filename Document name or full path if not in current directory, including extension
Input: (long) Type Document type as defined in swDocumentTypes_e
Input: (long) Options Mode in which to open the document as defined in swOpenDocOptions_e
Input: (BSTR) Configuration Model configuration in which to open this document：
Applies to parts and assemblies, not drawings
If this argument is empty or the specified configuration is not present in the model,
the model is opened in the last-used configuration.
Output: (long) Errors Load errors as defined in swFileLoadError_e
Output: (long) Warnings Warnings or extra information generated during the open operation as defined in swFileLoadWarning_e
Return: (LPDISPATCH) retval Pointer to a Dispatch object, the newly loaded ModelDoc2, or NULL if failed to open
这个函数参数1就是文档的全名，参数2是要插入的类型描述，其中0123分别表示：
0 swDocNONE：不是sw文件
1 swDocPART：零件
2 swDocASSEMBLY：装配体
3 swDocDRAWING：工程图
如果想使用swDocNONE，需要定义：
Public Enum swDocumentTypes_e
}--> }-->swDocNONE = 0
}--> }-->swDocPART= 1
}--> }-->swDocASSEMBLY = 2
swDocDRAWING=3
End Enum
参数3是打开文档的模式，一般我们就选择swOpenDocOptions_Silent 用0 表示，当然还有只读、只看等选项
参数4是打开选项，一般置空
后面是两个OutPut，用来显示错误打开时的提示 函数返回一个指向打开文件的指针。
按照上面的要求我们在向装配体中插入一个零部件时，需要这样步骤：
1、得到装配体
2、使用opendoc6打开需要插入的零件
3、使用addcomponent4插入零件到装配体
我们上面的程序需要这样来修改一下，添加了一个打开文档的函数：
' ****************************************************************************** ' insertpart 03/21/05 by arden
'插入零件1
'前提条件：在装配体所在文件夹中有零件“零件1”存在，并且零件1有配置“配置1”
' ******************************************************************************
Dim swApp As SldWorks.SldWorks
Dim Model As ModelDoc2
Dim YSBmodel As ModelDoc2
Dim pth As String
Dim strpath As String
Dim nErrors As Long
Dim nWarnings As Long
Sub insertpart()
Set swApp = Application.SldWorks
strpath = swApp.GetCurrentWorkingDirectory
Set Model = swApp.ActiveDoc
pth = strpath & \零件1.SLDPRT\
openYSB (pth) ‘在添加零部件之前，先打开它
Model.AddComponent4 pth, \配置1\
End Sub
'这个函数打开零件1
Sub openpart(ByVal pth As String)
Dim path As String
Dim newswapp As SldWorks.SldWorks
Set newswapp = Application.SldWorks
path = pth
Set YSBmodel = newswapp.OpenDoc6(path, 1, swOpenDocOPtions_Silent, \
YSBmodel.Visible = False ‘我不想看到零件1
End Sub
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Solidworks二次开发—06—在装配体中添加配合
折腾了三天终于完成了计划中的功能模块。在一个装配体中自动判断插入合适的零件，并添加配合。 在前面几篇文章中我已经基本上说明了如何得到零部件的数据信息、如何插入零部件、如何得到已经选择的特征等。
下面只介绍怎样进行配合
在做配合时，需要经常选择到零件的面、线等，这是一个问题，还有就是介绍一下addmate2函数的使用：
一般进行配合我们按照下面的次序来进行：
1-ModelDoc.ClearSelection2 ‘取消所有选择
2-选择需要配合的实体（entity）
3-使用AddMate2函数进行配合
4-再次使用 ModelDoc.ClearSelection2 ‘取消所有选择
主要的问题在于如何选择合适的面：
由于面的命名没有什么规律，很多时候是程序自动来命名的，这样，不方便使用selectbyID来选择，我也不想使用坐标值来选择一个面，那样做更加糟糕。
在得到一个组件（component）或者一个特征（feature）时，我们有getfaces、getfirstface、getnextface等方法，我们可以使用这些方法遍历一个组件或特征等的各个面，来达到选择面的目的，看下面程序：
Private Function selectface(dcom As SldWorks.Component2, tp As Integer) As Boolean Set swdowelbody = dcom.GetBody()
If swdowelbody Is Nothing Then '错误处理 MsgBox \选择零件失败\
selectface = False
Exit Function
End If
Set swDCface = swdowelbody.GetFirstFace ‘得到第一个面
Do While Not swDCface Is Nothing ‘遍历各个面 Set swDsurface = swDCface.GetSurface ‘得到表面对象
If swDsurface.IsCylinder Then ‘如果是圆柱面
If tp = 0 Then 'means cylinder
Set swDEnt = swDCface
swDEnt.Select4 True, selDdata selectface = True
Exit Function
End If
Else ‘如果是其它，当然实际中我们可能需要使用select来定义好多分支
If tp = 1 Then 'means plane
Set swDEnt = swDCface
swDEnt.Select4 True, selDdata
selectface = True
Exit Function
End If
End If
Set swDCface = swDCface.GetNextFace
Loop
End Function
此函数接受两个参数，第一个是一个component对象，第二个用来标识选择类型：0表示圆柱面，1表示平面。此函数运行完成后将选择指定组件的指定类型的一个面。需要注意的是我们需要在判断面类型时候需要转换到surface对象。而且选择需要定义一个entity对象，用来select4，达到选择的目的。可能这个过程有些复杂，大家按照这个顺序多测试几次，就明白了它的工作原理。
上面的函数写的并不好，是我从我的工程中截取的一段。
下面介绍一下addmate2函数：
Syntax (OLE Automation) OLE语法：
pMateObjOut = AssemblyDoc.AddMate2 ( mateTypeFromEnum, alignFromEnum, flip, distance, distAbsUpperLimit, distAbsLowerLimit, gearRatioNumerator, gearRatioDenominator, angle, angleAbsUpperLimit, angleAbsLowerLimit, errorStatus )
参数：
Input:
(long) mateTypeFromEnum
Type of mate as defined in swMateType_e
配合类型 Input:
(long) alignFromEnum
Type of alignment as defined in swMateAlign_e
对齐选项
Input:
(VARIANT_BOOL) flip
TRUE to flip the component, FALSE otherwise
是否翻转 Input:
(double) distance
Distance value to use with distance or limit mates
距离 Input:
(double) distAbsUpperLimit
Absolute maximum distance value (see Remarks)
距离限制max Input:
(double) distAbsLowerLimit
Absolute minimum distance value (see Remarks)
距离限制min
Input:
(double) gearRatioNumerator
Gear ratio numerator value for gear mates
齿轮配合分子值
Input:
(double) gearRatioDenominator
Gear ratio denominator value for gear mates
齿轮配合分母值
Input:
(double) angle
Angle value to use with angle mates
角度
Input:
(double) angleAbsUpperLimit Absolute maximum angle value 角度限制max Input:
(double) angleAbsLowerLimit
Absolute minimum angle value 角度限制min
Output:
工程图注释结构：http://gallery.computer.mblogger.cn/images/computer.mblogger.cn/MWG_arden/4436/o_drawannotion.jpg
Solidworks二次开发—12—工程图的note
下面的程序读取当前图纸的每一个note，并在debug中打印结果。 Option Explicit
Dim swname As String Dim swtext As String
Sub main()
Dim swApp As SldWorks.SldWorks
Dim swModel As SldWorks.ModelDoc2 Dim swDraw As SldWorks.DrawingDoc
Dim swView As SldWorks.View
Dim swNote As SldWorks.note
Dim swAnn As SldWorks.Annotation
Dim bRet As Boolean
Debug.Print \
Set swApp = CreateObject(\
Set swModel = swApp.ActiveDoc
Set swDraw = swModel
Set swView = swDraw.GetFirstView ' This is the drawing template.i don't need to care about it
Set swNote = swView.GetFirstNote
swModel.ClearSelection2 (True)
Debug.Print \
Do While Not swNote Is Nothing
Set swAnn = swNote.GetAnnotation
bRet = swAnn.Select2(True, 0)
Debug.Assert bRet
swname = swNote.GetName swtext = swNote.GetText
Debug.Print \ 名称：\文本： \ Set swNote = swNote.GetNext
Loop
End Sub
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