In two weeks after their birth the weight of pups (with SE) from the GM soya supplemented group was less (23.95g ±1.5g) than that of the pups of the positive control group (30.03g±1.1g; p<0.005), or from the traditional soya flour supplemented group (27.1g± 0.9g; p< 0.1). Since the number of surviving pups were so different, the weigh distribution of the pups were compared in Table 4. From the data it is evident, that 36% of the pups from the GM soya group weighed less than 20 g, in comparison with the 6% in the positive control group, and with the 6.7% found in the traditional soya supplemented diet group (Table 4). Study of pup’s organs mass showed that the organs of small pups from GM group were tiny in comparison with the same of other groups except the brain mass (Table 5). This fact indicated that the pups from the GM group were the same age as others, but changes were occurred with the development of internal organs. Slight negative effect was found in the group which received the traditional soya, but this effect was not significant. No mortality of females and survived young pups eating the GM soya flour supplemented diet was observed.
来自转基因大豆补充食物组的小鼠（有标准误）出生两周后重量（23.95g+ 1.5g）不如积极控制组的小鼠（30.03+ 1.1g；p<0.005）, 也不如传统的大豆粉补充组（27.1g+ 0.9g; p<0.1）。因为存活的小鼠数量非常不同，在表4中小鼠的重量分布被比较。从数据中可以明显看出，来自转基因大豆组的小鼠有36%重量不足20g, 而在积极控制组中只有6%，在传统大豆补充食物组中有6.7%（表4）。对小鼠器官的质量研究表明，除了脑部质量外，相比其它组的相同器官，来自转基因组的小鼠器官都很小（表5）。这个事实表明来自转基因组的小鼠和其它组的小鼠年龄相同，但是随着内部器官的发展，变化就发生了。在接受传统大豆食物组中发现了轻微的负面影响，但这种影响不显著。食用转基因大豆粉补充食物的母鼠和存活幼鼠中没有观察到死亡现象。
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Discussion
The reproductive behaviour of female rats fed on standard laboratory feed supplemented with soya flour prepared from either genetically modified soya or traditional soya was studied to see the effect of the diet on pregnancy, lactation and the growth of the rat pups. Since it is well established that raw soybean contains a number of anti-nutrients, such as the lectins, trypsin inhibitors, etc. (Pusztai et al. 1998), and also female hormone-like substances, it was thought to be necessary to compare these data also with those from a positive control group when animals were not exposed to any soya flour supplementation. 讨论
母鼠的繁殖行为被研究，它们食用的是标准实验室食物，这些食物中补充了大豆粉，大豆粉来自转基因大豆或传统大豆。研究母鼠的行为是想了解食物对怀孕、哺乳和小鼠生长的影响。因为大家都认为天然状态的大豆包含很多反营养物质，比如植物血凝素，胰蛋白酶抑制剂等（Pusztai et al, 1998）, 还有雌性的类似荷尔蒙的物质，当动物没有接触任何大豆粉补充物时，人们认为有必要和积极控制组比较这些数据。
In order to understand the mechanism how this widely consumed GM crop exerts its influence on the reproductive performance of mammals and their offspring, it would be necessary to perform complex researches, including histological, genetic and embryo-toxicological investigations. However, we had to restrict our experiments only for a short time-span, and starting to feed the female rats two weeks before mating. However, unlike the experiments of Brake and Evenson (2004), who started to feed pregnant mice, in our experiments the diets supplemented with GM or traditional soya flours were already given to the female rats 2 weeks before mating already, and we continued to treat them with their respective diet until the pups were weaned.
为了理解这种被广泛食用的转基因作物是如何按照其机制对哺乳动物及其后代的繁殖行为施加影响的，有必要进行复杂的研究，包括毒理学的、基因的和胚胎组织学的研究。不过，我们得把实验限制在比较短的时间范围，并且在交配前两周开
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始喂养母鼠。但是，不像Brake和Evenson(2004) 的实验，他们开始喂养怀孕的母鼠，而在我们的实验中，在母鼠交配前两周就已经给它们喂养补充了转基因的或传统的大豆粉，知道小鼠断奶我们一直继续给它们各自相应种类的食物。
Upon delivery, very unexpectedly a very high rate of pup mortality (55.6%) was observed in the the group of females whose diet was supplemented with the GM soya flour in comparison with the pups of both the positive control (6.8%) and the traditional soya flour supplemented (9%) groups. Also, in this group the pups continued to die over the period of lactation, which occurred only in the GM soya fed group. At the same time, the weights of the surviving rat pups were also lower. It is the more surprising, since the pups were smaller, about half, therefore more milk should have been available for the individual pups. They should have a better chance to grow optimally, unless the amount, and/or the quality of the milk were not affected by consuming the GM soya flour.
在分娩后，出人意料的是，在食物中补充了转基因大豆粉的母鼠组中观察到了非常高的小鼠死亡率（55.6%），这相比积极控制组（6.8%）和传统大豆粉补充组（9%）都是很高的。并且在这组中小鼠在整个哺乳期还在继续死亡，这种现象只在转基因大豆喂养组出现。同时，这组中存活的小鼠体重也更轻。更令人惊讶的是，因为小鼠更小，大约是其它组的一半，对于每个小鼠可以得到的乳液应该更多。如果乳液的数量，还有/或者品质没有受到食用转基因大豆粉的影响，它们本应有更好的机会在最优条件下生长。
Our data allow us to speculate and presume that the negative effect of GM soya on the newborn pups could be mediated by two possible factors. Firstly, it can be the result of transformation, and insertion of the foreign genes, which could enter into the sexual/stem cells, or/and into cells of the fetus, as it was observed by Schubbert et al. (1998). Secondly, negative effect of GM soya could be mediated by the accumulation of Roundup residues in GM soya residues. However, no mortality was observed with female rats, nor with the young pups survived, although they also began to eat the GM soya, it is supposed that the effect could be mediated by the two first factors. (2,086 words)
我们的数据让我们猜测并认定转基因大豆对新生小鼠的消极影响或许是被两种可能的因素引起。第一，可能是变化过程、外来基因的嵌入的结果，外来基因能进入性细胞/ 干细胞，或者/并且进入胚胎细胞，就像Schubbert等观察到的一样（1998）。第二，转基因大豆的消极影响可能是被转基因大豆残留物中的累积残留引起的。但是，在母鼠和存活幼鼠中没有观察到死亡现象，尽管幼鼠也开始食用转基因大豆，据推断这种效果可能是由第一条原因中的两个因素引起的。
References
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Kuznetcov W, Kulikov AM, Mitrohin IA and Cidendambaev VD (2004). Genetically modified organisms and biological safety. Ecos 2004: 3-64. Ultrastructural, morphometrical and immunocytochemical analysis of hepatocyte nuclei from mice fed on genetically modified soybean. Cell Struct. Funct. 27: 173-180.
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Statement: n. 声明
Insecticide: n. 杀虫剂，杀虫药 Microorganism: n. 微生物 Intestine: n. 肠
Ingest: v. t. 摄入，摄取，吸收 Gastrointestinal: a. 胃肠的 Nucleus (复数 nuclei) : 细胞核 Et al: 以及其他人（= and others） Fetal: a. 胎儿的
Testicular: a. 睾丸的 Gain: n. 获得 Pup: n. 幼小动物
House: v. t. 给…提供房子，给…提供场地 Scheme: n. 规划，计划，方案 Pellet: n. 颗粒物，小团 Supplement: n. 补充物，增补物，补品 Flour: n. 面粉，（谷物磨成的）粉 Roundup Ready soya: “抗农达”转基因大豆
Construct: n. 构成物 Trace: n. 少量，微量 Content: n. 所含物 Delivery: n. 分娩 Upon: 刚一…就…
Approach: n. 接近，靠近 Soy: a soya bean 大豆
Mortality: n. 死亡率，死亡数 One-way: 单方面的 Lactation: n. 分泌乳汁 Mass: n. 质量 Established: a. 早已确立的，有名声的 Raw: a. 处于自然状态的，未经控制和发展的 Nutrient: n. 营养品，养分 Lectin: n. 植物血凝素 Trypsin: n. 胰蛋白酶 Inhibitor: n. 抑制剂，阻化剂 Complex: a. 组合的，复杂的
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Toxicologic: a. 毒理学的，毒物学的 Histology: n. 组织学，显微解剖学 Wean: v. t. 使（婴儿）断奶 Treat: v. 款待，招待
Optimal/ optimum: n. 最佳条件 a. 最优的，最适宜的 Unless: 如果不，除非
Presume: v. t. 假设，认为，推定 Speculate: v. t. 沉思，推测，猜测 Mediate: v. t. 调解，找到…的解决办法，影响，引起 Transformation: n. 彻底改观，变化过程 Fetus: 胎儿，胚胎
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