Abstract
The development direction of railway transportation in today's world grows ever tends to high density,high speed,improve the quality of the locomotive driver's working environment is more and more important to ensure the traffic safety.Inverter circuit is the role of a given 110v dc transform for 230v/50Hz alternating current,thus to power a locomotive equipment,to ensure the normal operation of the locomotive crews take air conditioning.
The main content of this design is the design of locomotive air conditioning hardware main circuit diagram,and analysis of the parameter selection and model selection of components.The given 110v dc voltage by the Boost booster circuit booster to the stability of the dc voltage of 400v,again after inverter circuit to meet the needs of three-phase voltage of 230v/50Hz,then the sine wave pulse modulation method is adopted,through the output pulse of the switch tube control.Through the filter circuit, protection circuit and the output voltage detection circuit to control the main circuit,after stable output of quasi sine wave,for the use of load.
The given 110v dc after booster circuit and inverter circuit to transform the locomotive need three phase alternating current,of main circuit are simulated with Matlab software, the realization of need of waveform.
Key words: Booster Inverter power supply Matlab
目 录
第1章 绪论 ·········································································································· 1 1.1 课题研究的目的意义 ······················································································· 1 1.2 国内外研究现状 ····························································································· 1 1.3 论文进行的内容 ····························································································· 2 第2章 机车空调车载逆变电源的设计要求及方案 ·························································· 3 2.1 设计要求 ······································································································ 3 2.2 设计方案 ······································································································ 3 第3章 主电路硬件设计 ··························································································· 5 3.1 主要开关元器件性能 ······················································································· 5 3.1.1 IGBT的介绍 ···························································································· 5 3.1.2 二极管 ···································································································· 5 3.2 系统总电路设计 ····························································································· 6 3.3 DC/DC升压电路设计 ······················································································ 6 3.3.1 充电过程 ································································································· 6 3.3.2 放电过程 ································································································· 6 3.3.3 升压斩波器工作原理 ·················································································· 7 3.3.4 DC/DC电路的参数选择与器件选型 ····························································· 10 3.4 逆变电路设计 ······························································································ 10 3.4.1 三相电压型桥式逆变电路 ·········································································· 10 3.3.2 PWM的工作原理 ···················································································· 11 3.3.3 DC/AC电路参数设计和器件选型 ································································ 12 3.5 滤波电路设计 ······························································································ 13 第4章 系统的仿真 ······························································································· 15 4.1 Matlab/Simulink仿真平台简介 ········································································· 15 4.2 系统的主电路的仿真 ····················································································· 17 4.3 仿真结果分析 ······························································································ 17 第5章 结论 ········································································································ 22 参考文献 ·············································································································· 23 致谢 ···················································································································· 24 附录 外文资料 ····································································································· 25
石家庄铁道大学四方学院毕业设计
第1章 绪 论
1.1 课题研究的目的意义
最早的列车诞生于18世纪20年代，但是真正的列车空调系统是在20世纪20年代之后才开始出现的，机车空调出现的相对来说会更晚。由于各种环境的阻碍，最初的蒸汽机没办法给机车车组装空调，但是当内燃机出现后，使得加装空调有机会实现，司机室的条件也更加完善。因为机车空调驾驶室在列车的最前面，所以有着其独特的结构，因此决定了机车空调司机室空间的狭窄和室内温度十分的高，特别是在在炎热的夏天非常不利于行车的安全和司机的身体健康。为了尽可能的改善机车工作人员的工作环境条件，保证行车安全，需要对机车司机室安装空调系统。
在机车行走是车身抖动大，司机室的温度比较高，并且室内产生的电磁干扰很大。并且机车的运行环境也有较大的差别，有时候经过的地区十分炎热，有的地区温度十分的低，有时候还会下大雨等等各种环境都无法避免。因外，机车空调有其独特性，普通的空调是无法来代替它的。这次设计的主要任务就是设计一个逆变电源，给机车提供合适的电压，保证机车的运行安全，并且还需要满足车载空调的功率、电流和电压的要求，以保证车载空调的可靠运行，降低司机室的环境温度。
逆变技术的发展可以分为如下两个阶段：
上世纪80年代为传统发展时期。这个时期的特点是，开关通常都是高速器件，逆变器的开关频率较低，波形改善以多重叠加为主，重量体积较大，逆变频率低，正弦波逆变器开始出现。
上世纪80年代到现在为新科技时期。这个时期的特点是，开关器件还是以高速器件为主，但是逆变器的开关频率较高，通常以PWM技术来实现波形的改善，逆变器体积变的重量小，但是逆变效率却很高。正弦逆变器得到很大发展[1]。
1.2 国内外研究现状
(1)国内研究现状
逆变电源主要作用是能量的变换，输入为直流电，经过逆变电源输出稳定的交流电。逆变电源广泛应用于航空、航海、电力、铁路交通、信号通信等许多的领域。现国内对逆变电源的研究主要集中在基于最大功率追踪及逆变部分相分离的两级能量变换结构，同时能够推向市场的逆变电源并不多见。但是，我国目前使用的逆变电源
1
石家庄铁道大学四方学院毕业设计
大多部分主要还是通过进口来实现的，这个发展趋势有待我们去改善。 (2)国外研究现状
在其他地区的市场上，逆变电源已经被广泛的应用了，比如德国的西门子公司就推出了关于此类的产品，美国、日本等国家也先后推出了逆变电源产品。现在逆变电源的最大功率以及输出电压稳定性已经成为了人们研究的热点问题。像一些小功率的逆变电源开发已经越来越受到人们的关注，而在这些小功率的逆变电源中，运用的控制电路主要是采用数字电路控制系统的安全性、可靠性以及扩展性，同时要将保护电路的完善性保考虑到其中[2]。
1.3 论文进行的内容
(1)了解逆变电源的工作原理，实现直流—直流—交流的转变。 (2)计算出各个模块的参数计算和型号选择。 (3)利用matlab对主电路进行仿真实现。
2
石家庄铁道大学四方学院毕业设计
第2章 机车空调车载逆变电源的设计要求及方案
2.1 设计要求
首先输入给定的直流110V电源，再经Boost升压电路升压到直流400V，并且把电压稳定在400V，再经过单片机控制IGBT输出需要的脉冲，将升压后的400V的直流电变换为三相230V、50Hz的交流电源，最终达到为机车电力设备供电的目的。
因为机车给定的供电电流是110V直流电，但是机车空调车室需要的是三相交流电，为了保证空调车组的正常运行，所以设计的电源系统的主电路包含两部分，即升压与逆变。升压电路部分是为了实现直流110V的提升，为了满足逆变部分需要的直流高压；逆变部分实现电流的转换功能，从而得到功率、电压符合工作要求的交流电。主电路的整体结构框图如下图2-1所示。
DC110V DC400V 三相AC230V
升压斩波电路 逆变电路 AC230V/50HZ 输出滤波器 输出三相 图2-1 主电路的整体结构框图
2.2 设计方案
本次设计的主要内容包括两个部分，即升压与逆变。但是在设计系统主电路原理图时要考虑系统正常运行时的保护、驱动、检测电路。
升压电路要实现的目的是：提高直流电压，确保负载运行时能输出要求的功率和电压，并且保持稳定的输出电压；当机车空调车载开始时电流会比正常工作时的电流大好几倍，这样会对系统产生很大的作用力，所以升压电路的电流要有一定的多余的容量，来保证机车空调车载系统的正常启动，并让其进入稳定工作状态。
逆变电路原理图要实现的目的是：首先输入的是直流电压，在经过逆变电路之后变换成三相的交流电，为了让机车工作在稳定的环境下，所以必须要把逆变之后的电压稳定在一定的数值；但是也要考虑机车刚开始启动时的大电流的冲击力对设备的影响，并且附近的电源会对电路有一定的影响，因此还要合理选择电路开断的时间。
保护电路要实现的目的是：机车在正常的运行时，可能会出现一些小的意外，所
3