TEM-4 Writing
2．使用泛指词
在实际写作中，过度使用关键词重复会给人一种词汇贫乏，表达单一的感觉。此时， 除可使用人称
代词（he, they, she, etc.）和指示代词（the, this, these, that, those, etc.）外，还可使用泛指词（general word）, 如在文章中遇到有关人，事情和地点是，即使用泛指上述概念的词来做替代，英文中有people, person, thing, place, truth, fact, etc.等。 3．用同义词和反义词 4．上义词和下义词
有些词在语义上由类属联系，或表示整体，或表示局部的关系，或表示集合的关系，学生可利用这
种语义关系使一些词相互替代或同时出现。例如：“professional”是“doctor，teacher, lawyer etc.”的上义词，“doctor，teacher, lawyer etc.” 是“professional”的下义词。再如：organs (上义词)—liver, lungs, hearts, kidneys etc (下义词)。
5．词的组合搭配
词的组合搭配是一般的组合关系，而不是一般的组合关系。我们不能孤立地看词项的关系，因为有
些词并非名词，而是动词，形容词和副词，难于放在一起分类。但这些词项倾向于在同一个语境出现，具有语篇衔接力。例如词组搭配表结果关系，即一个词项的出现是另一个词项语义上的结果，具有一定的因果关系。如 “kill”会导致“death”, “heavy rain”会导致“flood”，有了“question”就必然有“answer” . 练习：
比较以下各组句中的选词，分析他们中的哪一个更适合于英语专业四级考试中常见的议论文或说明文体。 （一）
A． Her answer was short but accurate.
B. Her answer was short but hit the nail on the head. (二)
A． The boy looked at the stranger in an angry way. B. The boy angrily stared at the stranger.
五．TEM -4 写作造句
英语专业四级作文所考查的首先是考生的语言表达能力，然后是谋篇布局的写作技巧，最后是思想观点的阐述。因此，英语专业四级作文主要是考查考生是否具有能通过正确，熟练，地道的遣词造句表达自己思想的能力。 1．语法正确
由于考生在写作时的随意性比较大，所以无意识中会出现语法错误，例如： ① Every man, woman, and child were asked to go to this evening party. ② I left the classroom after the lecture was finished.
③ He looked out and saw a young lady coming through the window. ④ It’s high time we do something to reduce traffic accidents.
⑤ There has been more and more road accidents happened in recent years. 为了更好地掌握语法，下面列举一些英文写作中场出现的基本句型和表达方式： ① 条件句的表达
To be a good teacher, you should? If you want your dream to come true? Only by taking measures can men?
② 原因的表达方式（because, since, for, seeing(that),considering that, now that, in that, etc） Seeing that he is ill?
Computer is very useful in that
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TEM-4 Writing
Now that I am well again? ③ 比较的表达方式
Some computers can work 500,000 times as fast as human being. I prefer bike to car.
④ 否定的表达 （but, except, without, lack, fail, rather, than, etc.） It is never too old to learn. I fail to persuade him. ⑤ 独立结构的表达方式 To our relief, ? All things consider? As is well known,?
2．结构意义完整
① Many people in our country prefer riding bike to go to work. Because it is cheaper and convenient.
② He loves the dog better than his brother.
③ However, too many examinations probably make us very tired and nervous, and waste our time and useless at all.
3．句型的多样性
句型多样化指在语法正确，结构完整的前提下，根据句意使句式富有变化，重点突出，以增加文章的“闪光点”。下面是几种常见的变换句型的方式：
① 运用从属连词（after, because, if, although, so that, etc.） e.g The thief disguised himself. No one would recognize him. ?
② 运用分词，不定式短语，介词短语和副词等，置于句首，使句子多样化
e.g. He saw an old woman get on the bus, he quickly stood up to offer her the seat. ->
③ 运用同位语形式
e.g. My desire to go abroad will soon become a reality. It has been a dream all of my life. ->
④ 使用强调句，倒装句
e.g. It must be made use of properly, then it can produce good effects. ->
4．用英语思维，锻造地道的句子
① For example, you work in a big factory. ->
② He will get a higher salary to improve his living level. ->
③ Dissatisfaction makes people produce desire for better things. ->
④ They like an active life but not a peaceful life. ->
⑤ They cannot think clearly ->
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TEM-4 Writing
⑥ Parents always think that children will get a good job and earn a lot of money. ->
⑦ In order to suit the needs of entering into work, students must grasp some technical skills. ->
六．掌握TEM-4 作文的写作模式
1．比较选择类作文 这是TEM-4的常考文体类型。其目标非常明确，要求考生对两个事物或做法进行利弊优缺点的比较，并说明选择的倾向。我们可以把比较选择类的问题进一步细化成三种类： （1）比较两种事物的优缺点并表明倾向 （2）比较两种做法的利弊并表明倾向 （3）对一个事物或做法的利弊说明 （1）比较两个事物的优缺点并表明倾向 1)典型题眼
① Television as a Better Source of Entertainment ② A balanced Diet: A Better Way to Stay Healthy
③ Is a big University Superior to a Small University?
④ Which School do You Prefer: A Boarding School or a Day School? ⑤ Home Education Outweighs Oversea Education for Young Children. 变通形式：1. Will Phones Kill Letter Writing? (2004 TEM-4 作文题)
变通形式：2. The Difference of My College Life and My Middle School Life（1996 TEM-4 命题作文）
2）结构模板(point to point)(alternative )
特别声明：此题型强调在比较A和B若干不同点之后做出选择，主要段落发展模式为：Point by point. 第一段：引言段，用现象或事实引出要比较的A和B的上义词C， 说明A和B是C的两个重要选择，用一句话明确表明自己观点或倾向。 第二段：第一句话承接首段观点，引出下文的发展模式（列举） A优点之一（1句），用拓展句加以说明（2-3句）；转折关联词说明B相应得缺点（1句），并用拓展句加以说明（2句）。 A优点之二 （1句），用拓展句加以说明（2-3句）；转折句说明B缺点（1句），并用拓展句加以说明（2句）。 第三段：结论 3) 可变通的语言模板 ① ____(引题)Between the two (AB的上义词)_____A, and B, I hold that A is a better ____(e.g. choice, means, way, access) My belief (statement, view, point of view) that A is a better ? is based on the following reasons. The first reason is that A can (A enables us to do)____ (拓展句加以说明2句)。While B can only____ (拓展句加以说明2句) 。 The second reason is that A can ____ (拓展句加以说明2句) 。But (Nevertheless, However) B can only ____ (拓展句加以说明2句) 。 For the reasons mentioned above, we can easily draw the conclusion that A (观- 8 -
TEM-4 Writing 点) outweighs B (A is superior to B) as an important C.
② _______ 改写并复述题目________. The advantages of B carry more weight that those of A. There are numerous reasons why ______, and I would explore only a few of the most important ones here. One of the primary cause is that _____. What is also worth noticing is that ______. Furthermore, ________. Although I agree that there may be a couple of disadvantages to ______. I feel that the advantages are more obvious ______. ________, Given the factors I have just outlined, I can only say that ______. ③ 论题 + C （AB的上义词）， some people hold that A ____, while others choose B as one important C. In my opinion, A is superior to B. My reasons for the preference for A lie in the following aspects. Firstly, A_____, while B_____. Secondly, A can_____ But/Nevertheless/However B can only____ From the above two reasons, we can safely come to the conclusion that A outweighs B. ④ 将原题复述_______ When faced with the decision of A or B, quite a few would deem that _____, but others, in contrast, believe A/B as the premier choice and that is also my point. Among countless factors which influence my propensity, there are three conspicuous aspects as follows. The main reason for my propensity to ______ is that _______. The second reason which can be seen by every person is that ______. In addition, these reasons are also usable when we consider that _____. In a word, ______ 重复观点句并缩写理由______. Taking into account of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that ______.
⑤ When it comes to ________. Nevertheless, in my part, I prefer A rather than B as my inclination. My arguments for this point are listed as follows. I agree with the statement that _____ without reservation since ______. Naturally _______. It can be given a concrete example ______. A more essential factor why I advocate the argument of _____ is that _____. Obviously ______. Furthermore, the fact is that _______. This demonstrates the undeniable fact that ______. Of course, choosing also has advantages to some extent, ______论述B的1-2个优点。 But if all these factors are contemplated, the advantages of A carry more weight than those of B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that _____
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TEM-4 Writing
4) 范文
① Directions: Internet and printed books are two popular ways to get information. Which one do you prefer to? State your point of view clearly.
A Better Way to Get Information – Internet st
It is said that the 21 century is the “century of information”. The ways for people to get information are varied. Between two main sources, internet and printed materials, I hold that internet is an obviously superior choice to printed books.
My belief that internet is a better way to get information than printed books is based on the following two reasons. The first reason is that internet can provide us with information more conveniently. Just getting on the line, finding the right website and typing in the key words we want to search for, in several seconds, we can get thousands of pieces of relevant information. Sometimes, we can even get the exact message we want. But by reading books, we have to spend much time finding the right books, the right chapters, and then the right pages. The second reason for my preference for internet is that it can transmit the newest information much faster than printed materials. Internet can tell us what is happening throughout the world in a few minutes. But if you want to get the same information in printed materials like newspapers or magazines, you have to wait until they are published.
According to the above mentioned reasons, we can easily draw the conclusion that compared with the printed materials; internet is for sure superior in conveying information.
② Directions: When we decide to attend college, some people think school brand is the most important factor to be taken into consideration, but others hold that major is more important. Which weighs more, do you think, a school brand or a major?
Major is More Important than School Brand in College Choice
After years of preparation for high education, it is time for high school students to decide which school to enroll. Among various factors, school brand and major become the most important factors to be taken into consideration. Between them I hold major as more important than school brand.
My preference for a good major rather than school brand lies in the following reasons. The first one is that an ideal major can motivate me to make greater efforts in academic study. As a popular saying goes, interest is the best teacher. With a major of great interest, I will exert more efforts on it and more inspiration will come out. But in a famous school with no ideal major, though there are learned supervisors, and excellent teaching facilities, I will feel dull with no academic interest. The second reason is that a good major means a good occupation in the future. The reputation of a famous college is very important in job hunting. But what employers need are facilities who do special jobs. So they pay more attention to the employees’ quality and ability in specialties. From what we have discussed above, we can safely get the conclusion that major outweighs school brand in our decision of college entrance.
（2）比较两种做法的利弊，表明倾向
1）结构模板 第一段， 引言段，用现象或事实引出要比较的A和B（1句），并说明A和B有 有 利有弊（1句）,表明倾向A/B。 段， 第二段，赞成或反对人的理由总概（1句），并用拓展句加以说明（2-3句）；赞成 B的人的理由概括（1句），并用拓展句加以说明（2-3句）。 段， 第三段， A和B都有弊端（1句）。 A的主要弊端（1-2句），B也有问题，列举（1-2- 10 -