重庆大学博士学位论文
3838-2002）Ⅲ类标准，而Pb和Cd的EMCs则远大于地表水环境质量标准（GB 3838-2002）的规定浓度。
④ 山地城市不同下垫面暴雨径流污染负荷产率研究表明，城市交通干道是城市面源污染负荷的主要贡献体，其TSS、COD、TP、TN、NH3-N、NO3-N、Fe、Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的污染负荷产率分别达到589、404、1.0、8.5、4.4、2.1、11.1、0.124、0.6、0.63和0.05t/(km2*y)，高于其他用地类型。与平原城市相比，在年降雨量相近的前提下，山地城市交通干道的污染负荷产率大于平原城市。
⑤ 绿色屋面可显著消减同面积不透水屋面的径流峰值、延缓径流产生时间、减少径流产生总量。同时，绿色屋面具有良好的中和能力、硝化能力，但对氮磷的控制能力较差，相对于降雨雨水来说，绿色屋面往往有溶解性氮磷的释放，绿色屋面对污染负荷的消减主要是源于暴雨径流量的消减。绿色屋面暴雨径流水质的季节差异明显，夏季污染物浓度较低，而春秋季节污染物浓度较高；随运行时间的延长，绿色屋面暴雨径流总氮和硝酸根浓度逐渐降低，而总磷和磷酸盐浓度则呈现出一定的波动性；气温越高、前期干旱时间越长，越有利于绿色屋面径流中氨氮浓度的降低，绿色屋面径流中的总磷和氨氮主要来自降雨中的总磷和氨氮。
⑥ 采用基于GIS的河流水力/水质耦合数学模型，选择长江重庆涪陵城区段作为计算案例，数值计算模拟了现有污染负荷、城市面源污染负荷削减50%、城市污水厂排放标准提标至一级A标等情景下长江涪陵城区段的二维污染带分布情况。数值模拟的结果表明实施城市面源污染负荷削减工程对长江城市江段水质有一定的改善效果，与实施污水厂实施一级A标升级改造的效果基本相当。
关键词：山地城市，暴雨径流，径流污染，城市水体
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英文摘要
ABSTRACT
It is more and more obvious that the impact of urban rainfall runoff affects the safely water quality of the receiving water bodies, resulting from the rapid area increase of the impervious underlaying surface, the fast accumulation in dry season of pollution load, and the increasing content of pollutants in rainfall runoff.There is a great deal of research that showsthe pollution in urban rainfall runoff has become the main source of urban receiving water bodies. Due to thechangeableTopographic reliefof mountainous city and the short and quick rainfall, it is more directly that it will impact the receiving water bodies. Therefore, under the complicated environmental of mountainous city circumstance, it is significant for the effective controls in the non-point source pollution to have research on coupling relationship between rainfall runoff and receiving water bodies. The paper taking the typical watershed of Mountain City-Chongqing as an example, by completely monitoring a large number of rainfall, and using the local emendatedUrban Storm Management model and Urban Water
Quality
Simulation
model,
systematically analyzes
the
drainage
characteristicsand the control measures and control functions of urban rainfall runoff, and water quality trait and protection measuresof receiving watersbodies under the influence of urban rainfall runoff inmountainous city. Here the conclusions:
① Green roof spatial location and scale have the influence on runoffvolume, runoff quality, pollution load of watershed . Roof greening the total water outlet near the watershed helps to improve runoff quality and reduce pollution load, while far from the watershedis conducive to cutting down the runoffvolume. The right ways of Roof green are to afforest 70 percent~90percent area of the totalimpervious roof inwatershed, meanwhile the green roofspatial location is near to the total water outlet.
② The concentration of TSS, COD and NH3-N of the Green Roof runoff（The concentration of COD and NH3-N for respectively 9-35 mg*L-1, 0.1-0.4 mg*L-1）is remarkable under the impervious roof,of which the concentration of NH3-N achieve the third sort of national water quality standard《GB 3838-2002》; The concentration of TN、TPof the Green Roof runoff（TN is0.3-4.6 mg*L-1and TP is 0.08-0.2 mg*L-1）do not decreaseobviously(except Buddha a grass roof),and the concentration of NH3-N is even
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重庆大学博士学位论文
higher than it of impervious roof.
③ The SWMM model applied to Mountainous City Rainfall Runoff Simulation shows that the mountainous city's rainfall runoff model parameter values is quite different from the plain city's. In mountainous city, the average slope is cliffy, so the stagnant water capacity is weak, and stagnant water depth is lower than that in plain city with the same land cover attributes. Stagnant water capacity increases with the slope. For a single underlying surface source pollution, the concentrationtime distribution of pollutants from the mountainous city stormrunoff fits to the exponential erosion model. traffic roads, roofing, residential road conventional indicators of correlation coefficients, respectively 0.75-0.88,0.81-0.91,0.73-0.94. For comprehensive watershed, model hydraulic module permeable concave storage, concave impermeable storage, permeable ground Manning coefficient values of plain city were less than mountain city, while the water quality module pollutants erosion coefficient and exponent values are greater than Plain cities.
④ The research of mountainous city storm runoff regulation in mountainous cityshows that controlling source by increasing the permeable area and adjusting the runoff process by adding the storm storage tank both are effective measures for reduction of peak runoff and controlling the curve range of runoff. But the combination of the two methods can makes the effects work better. And after implement of LID2+BMPs, the runoff peak of the area can be smaller than before.
⑤ The quality protection projectcases of receiving water bodies in the mountainous city show that the “Source Move and Confluence” trinity，spot and cover synergy system layout is the practical way to control the rainfall runoff pollution of the Mountainous city.The control measures of the source has the full elimination of point source pollution, small stream pollution resolve locally before the reservoir.The control measures of the migratory route have grass swale, river purification system、ecological embankment, ecological brook and so on.The control measures of the confluence have natural wetland, constructed wetlands and so on.
⑥ To use the River Water/Water Quality Coupling mathematical model which is based on GIS, and choose Chongqing Fuling district sectionof the Yangtze river as calculation cases,numerical calculation has simulated its two-dimensional damage zone distinction the existingpollution load, 50 percent pollution of urban non-point pollution,
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英文摘要
the upgrading and reconstruction to level A of wastewater treatment plant. The results show that it does have some improvements for city water quality of Yangtze river to perfrom the reducing project of urban non-point pollution, and the same effect is the the upgrading and reconstructionto level A of wastewater treatment plant.
Keywords: Mountainous City, Rainfall Runoff Pollution, Receiving Water Body,
Control Simulation
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重庆大学博士学位论文
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