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23n?11 求和:Sn?1?3x?5x?7x?????(2n?1)x解:由题可知,{(2n?1)x2………………………①
n?1n?1}的通项是等差数列{2n-1}的通项与等比数列{x4n}的通项之积
设xSn?1x?3x?5x?7x?????(2n?1)x………………………. ② (设制错位) ①-②得 (1?x)Sn?1?2x?2x?2x?2x?????2x234n?13?(2n?1)xn (错位相减)
1?xn?1?(2n?1)xn 再利用等比数列的求和公式得:(1?x)Sn?1?2x?1?x(2n?1)xn?1?(2n?1)xn?(1?x) ∴ Sn? 2(1?x)2 求数列
2462n,2,3,???,n,???前n项的和. 22222n1解:由题可知,{n}的通项是等差数列{2n}的通项与等比数列{n}的通项之积
222462n设Sn??2?3?????n…………………………………①
222212462nSn?2?3?4?????n?1………………………………② (设制错位) 222221222222n①-②得(1?)Sn??2?3?4?????n?n?1 (错位相减)
222222212n ?2?n?1?n?1
22n?2 ∴ Sn?4?n?1
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3 求证:Cn?3Cn?5Cn?????(2n?1)Cn?(n?1)2
证明: 设Sn?Cn?3Cn?5Cn?????(2n?1)Cn………………………….. ① 把①式右边倒转过来
nn?110Sn?(2n?1)Cn?(2n?1)Cn?????3Cn?Cn (反序)
012n012nn 又由Cn?Cnmn?m可得
1n?1n?Cn…………..…….. ②
n?Cn)?2(n?1)?2n (反序相加)
Sn?(2n?1)Cn?(2n?1)Cn?????3Cn ①+②得 2Sn?(2n?2)(Cn?Cn?????Cn ∴ Sn?(n?1)?2
n010n?1 1
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4 求sin1?sin2?sin3?????sin88?sin89的值
解:设S?sin1?sin2?sin3?????sin88?sin89…………. ①
将①式右边反序得
S?sin89?sin88?????sin3?sin2?sin1…………..② (反序) 又因为 sinx?cos(90?x),sinx?cosx?1
①+②得 (反序相加)
?222?2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2?2S?(sin21??cos21?)?(sin22??cos22?)?????(sin289??cos289?)=89
∴ S=44.5
5.已知函数(1)证明:
;
(2)求的值.
解:(1)先利用指数的相关性质对函数化简,后证明左边=右边 (2)利用第(1)小题已经证明的结论可知,
两式相加得:
所以
6. 求数列的前n项和:1?1,.6
111?4,2?7,???,n?1?3n?2,… aaa111解:设Sn?(1?1)?(?4)?(2?7)?????(n?1?3n?2)
aaa将其每一项拆开再重新组合得
Sn?(1?111?2?????n?1)?(1?4?7?????3n?2) (分组) aaa(3n?1)n(3n?1)n当a=1时,Sn?n?= (分组求和)
22 2
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1n(3n?1)na?a1?n(3n?1)na?当a?1时,Sn?= ?1a?1221?a1?7. 求数列{n(n+1)(2n+1)}的前n项和.
解:设ak?k(k?1)(2k?1)?2k?3k?k ∴ Sn?32?k(k?1)(2k?1)=?(2kk?1k?1nn3?3k2?k)
将其每一项拆开再重新组合得
Sn=2?k?1nk?3?k??k (分组)
32k?1k?1nn=2(1?2?????n)?3(1?2?????n)?(1?2?????n)
333222n2(n?1)2n(n?1)(2n?1)n(n?1)n(n?1)2(n?2)?? = (分组求和) = 2222 8. 求数列
11?2,12?31,???,1n?n?1,???的前n项和.
解:设an?n?n?11??n?1?n (裂项)
1n?n?1则 Sn?12?31?2????? (裂项求和)
=(2?1)?(3?2)?????(n?1?n) =n?1?1 9. 在数列{an}中,an?解: ∵ an?212n,又bn?,求数列{bn}的前n项的和. ??????an?an?1n?1n?1n?112nn??????? n?1n?1n?12211 ∴ bn??8(?) (裂项)
nn?1nn?1?22∴ 数列{bn}的前n项和 Sn?8[(1?)?(12111111?)?(?)?????(?)] (裂项求和) 2334nn?1 3
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=8(1?18n ) =
n?1n?1111cos1????????10. 求证: ??????2?cos0cos1cos1cos2cos88cos89sin1解:设S?111 ????????????cos0cos1cos1cos2cos88cos89sin1?∵?tan(n?1)??tann? (裂项) ??cosncos(n?1)111 (裂项求和) ????????????cos0cos1cos1cos2cos88cos891???????? ={(tan1?tan0)?(tan2?tan1)?(tan3?tan2)?[tan89?tan88]} ?sin1 ∴S?cos1?11??? =(tan89?tan0)=?cot1=2? ??sin1sin1sin1 ∴ 原等式成立
11. 求cos1°+ cos2°+ cos3°+···+ cos178°+ cos179°的值.
解:设Sn= cos1°+ cos2°+ cos3°+···+ cos178°+ cos179°
∵ cosn??cos(180?n) (找特殊性质项)
∴Sn= (cos1°+ cos179°)+( cos2°+ cos178°)+ (cos3°+ cos177°)+···
+(cos89°+ cos91°)+ cos90° (合并求和)
= 0
12. 数列{an}:a1?1,a2?3,a3?2,an?2?an?1?an,求S2002.
解:设S2002=a1?a2?a3?????a2002
由a1?1,a2?3,a3?2,an?2?an?1?an可得
???a4??1,a5??3,a6??2,
a7?1,a8?3,a9?2,a10??1,a11??3,a12??2,
……
a6k?1?1,a6k?2?3,a6k?3?2,a6k?4??1,a6k?5??3,a6k?6??2
∵ a6k?1?a6k?2?a6k?3?a6k?4?a6k?5?a6k?6?0 (找特殊性质项) ∴ S2002=a1?a2?a3?????a2002 (合并求和) =(a1?a2?a3????a6)?(a7?a8????a12)?????(a6k?1?a6k?2?????a6k?6)
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?????(a1993?a1994?????a1998)?a1999?a2000?a2001?a2002
=a1999?a2000?a2001?a2002 =a6k?1?a6k?2?a6k?3?a6k?4 =5
13. 在各项均为正数的等比数列中,若a5a6?9,求log3a1?log3a2?????log3a10的值.
解:设Sn?log3a1?log3a2?????log3a10
由等比数列的性质 m?n?p?q?aman?apaq 和对数的运算性质 logaM?logaN?logaM?N 得
Sn?(log3a1?log3a10)?(log3a2?log3a9)?????(log3a5?log3a6) =(log3a1?a10)?(log3a2?a9)?????(log3a5?a6) =log39?log39?????log39 =10
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(合并求和) (找特殊性质项)