中水回用工程设计方案 毕业设计方案
某小区中水回用工程
设 计 方 案
魏 光 文
学号 33
指导教师姓名：李芬芳
系部名称： 环 境 科 学 系 专业名称： 资源环境与城市管理 班级名称： 0436 论文提交日期： 6月11日
2007年 06 月 11 日
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中水回用工程设计方案 毕业设计方案
目 录
1、总论 ···························································································································· 3
1．1概述 ·······································································································································3 1．2设计依据 ·······························································································································4 1．3设计原则 ·······························································································································5 1．4处理站站址的选择 ················································································································5
2、工艺设计 ···················································································································· 5
2．1设计水量水质及用水标准 ·····································································································6 2．2工艺选择 ·······························································································································7 2．3工艺流程 ·······························································································································9 2．4流程说明 ····························································································································· 10 2．4．1污水收集 ························································································································ 10 2．4．2格栅 ······························································································································· 10 2．4．3调节池 ··························································································································· 10 2．4．4絮凝沉淀池 ···················································································································· 10 2．4．5过滤 ······························································································································· 11 2．4．6消毒 ······························································································································· 11 2．4．7污泥处理 ························································································································ 11 2．5主要设备 ····························································································································· 11
3、项目可行性分析 ··········································································································· 12
3．1项目的建设投资及规模······································································································· 12 3．2运行费用分析 ······················································································································ 14 3．3经济效益分析 ······················································································································ 15
4、环境保护、安全卫生和运行管理·············································································· 15
4．1环境保护 ····························································································································· 15 4．2安全卫生 ····························································································································· 16 4．3运行管理 ····························································································································· 16
5、结束语···························································································································· 17 6、附图 ································································································································ 17
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中水回用工程设计方案 毕业设计方案
摘要：分析了我国及国外水资源面临的严峻问题,提出中水回用和节水是解决问题的最佳选择。论述了中水回用的国内外现状、中水处理流程、中水回用在社会、经济、生态方面的意义。 关键词：中水、中水回用、方案。 1、总论
1.1 概述
联合国早在1977年2月就向全世界发出警告“水不久将成为一个重要的全球性危机”。如今，全世界面临水资源危机，产生的原因主要包括用水量急剧增加、水污染严重，此外水资源开发不合理、浪费严重也是我们不可忽视的一个重要方面。随着社会的迅速发展和文明的不断进步，特别是人口的急剧增加，人类对水的依赖程度越来越高，世界用水量急剧增加，我们国家也是如此。
我国是一个水资源短缺的国家，人均水资源量约为2200 m3，约为世界平均水平的四分之一。而且,我国用水浪费严重，水资源利用效率较低。目前,城市生活用水方面，居民用水在许多方面存在浪费的现象，尤其是在雨水充足的南方地区，中国的缺水急待解决。
此外，我国产业结构不合理，高耗水量行业发展集中，生产管理水平低，生产用水浪费严重；人们思想认识模糊,缺乏危机感，节水意识差,城市生活用水、家庭用水浪费现象普遍；缺少全局控制,违反生态规律发展，出现掠夺式开发、浪费式利用、混乱式管理；水的重复利用率低,相关法律、制度不健全,都是我国水资源危机出现的原因。
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中水回用工程设计方案 毕业设计方案
中水回用，是解决城市水资源危机的重要途径，也是协调城市水资源与水环境的根本出路，生活污水处理回用，能给我们带来一定的经济效益。中水是指将人们在生活和生产中用过的优质杂排水(不含粪便和厨房排水)、杂排水(不含粪便污水)以及生活污(废)水经集流再生处理后达到规定的水质标准，可用在生活、市政、环境等范围内杂用的非饮用水，充当地面清洁、浇花、洗车、空调冷却、冲洗便器、消防等不与人体直接接触的杂用水。因为它的水质指标低于生活饮用水的水质标准，但又高于允许排放的污水的水质标准，处于二者之间，所以叫做“中水”。
由于“水危机”的困扰，许多国家和地区积极着手巩固和加强节水意识以及研究城市废水再生与回用工作。城市污水回用就是将城市居民生活及生产中使用过的水经过处理后回用。有两种不同程度的回用：一种是将污水处理到可饮用的程度，而另一种则是将污水处理到非饮用的程度。对于前一种，因其投资较高、工艺复杂，非特缺水地区一般不常采用。 1.2 设计依据
1、《室外排水设计规范》（GB50014-2006）； 2、《生活杂用水水质标准》（GB/T18920-2002）； 3、《建筑给水排水设计规范》GB50015—2003； 4、《建筑中水设计规范》GB50336-2002； 5、《居民小区给水排水设计规范》（CECS57-94）；
6、回用水标准符合国家《城市污水再生利用 景观环境用水水质》（GB/T18921-2002）；
7、建设方提供的有关生活污水水质、水量、布局、工程图纸等基础资料；
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中水回用工程设计方案 毕业设计方案
8、其他相关标准及规范。 1.3 设计原则
1、中水处理回用工程以投资省，运转费用低，占地面积小为原则。 2、处理系统先进，设备运行稳定可靠，维护简单、操作方便。 3、污水处理系统不产生二次污染源污染环境。
4、控制管理按处理工艺过程要求尽量考虑自控，降低运行操作的劳动强度，使污水处理站运行可靠、维护方便，提高污水处理站运行管理水平。 5、尽可能降低工程总投资，在保证处理出水达标的前提下，利用原有设施，以最少的资金达到预定的处理效果； 1.4 处理站站址选择
由于住宅小区用地紧张，设施设计成地下式，形成地下为污水处理站，地面为绿地或花坛的格局，可以美化环境。同时需要考虑以下几个方面：
1、 处理站的位置应在常年主导风向的下风向，且应用绿化带与建筑物隔开。
2、处理站与给水泵及清水池水平距离不得小于10米。
3、设置生活污水处理设施的房间或地下室应有良好的通风系统。 4、离楼群有一定的隔离长度和自然隔离带；
5、布置应符合国家现行防火、防噪声、方针、安全、卫生等规范规定的要求；
2. 工艺设计
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