22. adjustment n. changing slightly in order to make right or suitable for a particular purpose or
situation Collocation: make adjustments
23. regarding prep. as regards; concerning; on the subject of; in connection with Synonym:
concerning, considering, in terms of
24. range n. the measurable limits within which variable amounts or qualities are included Comparison: scope, range
scope n. the limits within which sth. operates, exists, or is effective
range n. the amount, number or type of something between an upper and a lower limit
25. inevitably ad. unavoidably; that which is certain to happen; that which cannot be prevented
from happening
Derivation:
inevitability n. Synonym:
unavoidably
26. unaware a. not having knowledge or consciousness of sth. Derivation:
unawareness n. Collocation:
be unaware of Antonym:
aware
27. reveal vt. show or allow sth. previously hidden to be seen; to make known sth. previously
secret or unknown Synonym: uncover, unveil Derivation: revelation n.
28. complacent a. pleased or satisfied with oneself or with a situation, often unreasonably; not
worrying, even though one perhaps should be Derivation: complacency n.
29. cut down on reduce an amount done, eaten, etc. Sentences
4. … languages are so clearly culture-related (Paragraph 4)
Paraphrase: Languages are so clearly connected with a specific civilization or the state of cultural development of a particular people.
5. … given that whales are not given to swimming in warm, southern seas. (Paragraph 5) Paraphrase: … considering the fact that whales are not likely to swim in warm, southern seas.
6. Faced with unsurmountable linguistic problems, translators negotiated the boundaries between languages and came up with a compromise. (Paragraph 5)
Paraphrase: Faced with the unconquerable linguistic problems, translators managed to deal
with the differences between languages and thought of a vision that was similar to the original in spirit.
Translation: 面对不可逾越的语言障碍，译者们对语言的界限进行揣摩，并最终达成一个折中的解决方案。
7. When there are no words in another language for what you want to say, you make adjustments and try to approximate. (Paragraph 6)
Translation: 当另外一种语言里没有词语来表达你想要说的话的时候，你就得做出调整，表达出尽量贴近你想要表达的意思。
8. Communicating in another language involves not only linguistic skills, but the ability to think differently, to enter into another culture’s mentality and shape language accordingly. (Paragraph 7)
Translation: 用另一种语言交流不仅需要语言技巧，还需要有换另一种方式思考的本领，也就是进入另一种文化思维状态并用相应的语言来表达的能力。
8 World peace in the future depends on intercultural understanding. Those best placed to help that process may not be the ones with the latest technology and state-of-the-art mobile phones, but those with the skills to understand what lies in, under and beyond the words spoken in many different languages.9
Questions:
1. According to the writer, what is the great function of intercultural understanding? (Paragraph 8) The writer says, “World peace in the future depends on intercultural understanding.” In other words, intercultural understanding will play a most important role in the promotion of world peace in the future.
2. Who will probably be most able to help the process of world peace in the future? (Paragraph 8) Those, who have acquired the skills to understand the literal, implied, figurative, or cultural meanings of the words spoken in many different languages, are most competent to contribute to the process of world peace. Sentences
9. Those best placed to help that process may not be the ones with the latest technology and state-of-the-art mobile phones, but those with the skills to understand what lies in, under and beyond the words spoken in many different languages. (Paragraph 8)
Translation: 最有助于促进世界和平进程的（人们）也许不是那些掌握最新技术或使用最时髦的移动电话的人，而是那些掌握了理解许多不同语言的字面含义、隐含意义与超越词语本身意义的技巧的人。
IV Exercises for integrated skills 1. Dictation
The main reason for the widespread demand for English / is its present-day importance as a world language. / Besides serving the infinite needs of its native speakers, / English is a language / in which some of the most important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, / and not always by native speakers. / It is a language of wider
communication for a number of developing countries, / especially former British colonies. / Many of these countries have multi-lingual populations / and need a language for internal communication / in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education / as well as for international communication / and for access to the scientific and technological developments in the West. 2. Cloze
Languages are marvelously complex and wonderfully complicated organs of culture: they embody the quickest and the most efficient means of communicating within
their respective culture. To learn a foreign language is to learn (1) another culture. In the words of a poet and philosopher, “As (2) many languages as one speaks, so many lives one lives.” A culture and its (3) language are as inseparable as brain and body; (4) while one is part of
the other, neither can function (5) without the other. In learning a foreign language, the best (6) beginning is with the non-verbal linguistic elements of the language, its (7) gestures, its body language. Eye contact is extremely important in English. Direct eye contact
(8) leads to understanding, or, as the English maxim has it, seeing eye-to-eye. We can (9) never see eye-to-eye with a native speaker of English (10) until we have learned to look directly into his eyes.
Hints:
4) There should be a transitional word to denote contrasting. 7) What will you use when you can not express yourself by words? 8) A verb is needed to collocate with “to”, which means “result in”. 10) A conjunction meaning “up to a particular time” is needed here.
VII Listening Exercises
You are going to hear part of a radio program called Talk of the Nation. The host of the show, Robert Siegel, asked the radio audience if they could take time off, what would they do? One of the people he called was Chris, a student at a junior high school in La Mesa, California. He had a clear idea about what he would like to do if he had the opportunity to take time off. A. Pre-listening discussion
1. If you could take time off for a year, what would you want to do? 2. Would you do it alone or would you take somebody along with you?
B. Listen to Robert’s radio conversation with Chris carefully. After that you will hear eight
statements. Decide whether the statements are true or false.
1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. F 7. T 8. T
C. Listen again. Underline the word or phrase in each set of brackets that gives the correct
information according to the conversation.
Chris, who is about (nine, fourteen, twenty) years old, says that if he (had a lot of money, took time off, were older than he is), he would bike (across the ocean, only in Asia, on several continents). Chris likes this idea for two or three reasons. One reason he gives is that by biking, he could (lose weight,develop his body and strength, gain weight). Another reason he gives is that in making this trip, he would (learn interesting things, be away from his parents, see beautiful places).
He says that if he went on the trip, he would go (by himself, with his best friend, with several people), and when he returned, he would (sleep for a week, run a marathon, encourage others to make a similar trip). Script
Host: Chris, you’re on the line, I gather, from La Mesa, California. Chris: Yes, I am. Host: Hi.
Chris: If I were to take time off — I’m actually an eighth grade student in Montgomery Mills
School — I would take time off from school and bike all the way around the world in a chance to see different cultures and get an exposure, to be able to come back where I live and be able to tell people how different — be able to compare all the different cultures to the United States culture.
Host: How would you get across the ocean?
Chris: Well, I would probably fly across or take a boat across, and then I would travel between
the continents on a boat, and then once I got to the land, I would bike or ride across.
Host: You like biking, I assume. Chris: Yes.
Host: You don’t think it would be very, very tiring and wearing or it would take a long time? Chris: No, as long as I got enough sleep and food and water, I think I’d be pretty much all
right. Of course, it would be a chance to gain some muscle.
Host: Yeah, I should say, because if you biked all the way around the world — you’re starting
out in the eighth grade — it could be time for college by the time you finished this bike trip. It’s a long way.
Chris: Well, yeah.
Host: That doesn’t scare you off?
Chris: No, it doesn’t, because I’d like — in the process, I’d be learning a lot of things going to
different countries. I’d be learning about their cultures, so it wouldn’t be just — I’d be learning while having fun.
Host: Hear, hear! Would you take anybody along with you?
Chris: I’d probably want to do it by myself and then tell people about it when I came back. And
then ...
Host: I’m sorry, I missed what you said just a moment ago.
Chris: And tell people about what it was like and encourage them to do things like that, or if
they can, take time off and get a chance to see the rest of the world.
Host: Well, of course, that sounds like a great idea, and thank you very much for calling and
telling us about it. Thank you.
Chris: Bye-bye.
Host: That was Chris, who’s in eighth grade in La Mesa, California. I’m Robert Siegel, and
this is Talk of the Nation.
Statements
1. Chris lives in Chicago. 2. Chris is not a college student.
3. He wants to travel so he can earn a lot of money. 4. He likes to ride his bicycle.
5. He is not interested in learning about other cultures. 6. He would like to make this trip with his father and a friend. 7. Chris wants to travel around the world on his bicycle.
8. Sleep, food and water are the three things that Chris could not do without.