d) A quaint old house appeared on the grassy hill. InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
Det A NP Pst V PP
A N P NP Det A N
A quaint old house appeared on the grassy hill
5. The following sentences all contain conjoined categories. Draw a tree structure for each of the sentences.
a) Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants. InflP(=S)
NP VP
N Aux V NP
Det A NP
N CON N
Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants
OR
InflP(=S)
NP VP
N Infl V NP
Det A NP
N CON N
Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants
b) Helen put on her clothes and went out. S
NP VP
N VP CON VP
VP NP V Adv
V P Det N
Helen put on her clothes and went out OR
InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
N Pst VP CON VP
VP NP V Adv
V P Det N
Helen put on her clothes and went out c) Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics. S
NP VP
N VP CON VP
VP NP VP NP
V A P N V A P N
Mary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics
OR
InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
N Pres VP CON VP
VP NP VP NP
V A P N V A P N
Mary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics
d) The detective went out and the mysterious man came in.
S
S CON S
NP VP NP VP
Det N V Adv Det A N V Adv
The detective went out and the mysterious man came in e) Crusoe knows that spring will come and the snow will melt. S
NP VP
CP
N V C S
S CON S
NP VP NP VP
N Aux V Det N Aux V
Crusoe knows that spring will come and the snow will
melt
6. The following sentences all contain embedded clauses that function as complements of a verb, an adjective, a preposition or a noun. Draw a tree structure for each sentence. a) You know that I hate war.
S
NP VP CP
N V C S
NP VP
NP N V N
You know that I hate war
OR CP
C InflP(=S)
NP Infl VP
CP
N Pres V C S
NP VP
N V NP
N
You know that I hate war
b) He said that Tom asked whether the class was over. S
NP VP
CP N V C S
NP VP N V C S
NP VP
Det N VL A
He said that Tom asked whether the class was over
c) Gerry can’t believe the fact that Anna flunked the English exam. S
NP VP
CP
N VP NP
CP Aux Neg V NP C S
Det N NP VP
N V NP
Det A N
Gerry can not believe the fact thatAnna flunked the English exam d) Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce.
S
NP VP
CP
N VL A C S
NP VP
Det N V NP NP
N Det N
Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce e) The children argued over whether bats had wings. S
NP VP
CP
Det N VP C S
V P NP VP
N V NP
N
The children argued over whether bats had wings
7. Each of the following sentences contains a relative clause. Draw the deep structure and the surface structure trees for each of the sentences. a) The essay that he wrote was too long. Deep structure
CP
C S
NP VP
Det N CP V AP
C S Deg P
NP Infl VP
N V NP