高职升本科《英语综合》辅导 Reading Comprehension 阅读理解
旅游学院英语系
2. Many governments didn’t launch anti-smoking campaigns because A. tobacco taxes take up a large part of their revenue B. they are unusually subject to cigarette advertising C. they don’t think tobacco can do harm to people’s health D. they are innocent of the link between tobacco and disease 3. According to an executive on the Philip Morris account, . A. cigarette advertising only appeals to the young men B. cigarette advertising appeals to adults
C. cigarette advertising is attractive to people who already smoke D. cigarette advertising also appeals to kids
4. According to Dr. John L. Clowe, cigarette advertising is appealing to adolescents because
A. they are addicted to nicotine
B. they regard smoking as a symbol of sexual ability and even success C. they want to get more tobacco taxes D. they regard smoking as a kind of sports
5. Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A. Smoking and Tobacco Taxes B. Smoking in Developing Countries C. Smoking and Cigarette Advertising D. Tobacco Industry
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高职升本科《英语综合》辅导 Reading Comprehension 阅读理解
旅游学院英语系
Reading Comprehension (Part Two)
Passage 13
Positive thinking is a lot more than blind faith -- and its power over people’s lives is awesome. Optimists fare better than pessimists in almost every respect of life, often achieving more and enjoying greater social success. Optimistic people are also less susceptible to depression and physical ills. Says psychology professor Martin E. P. Seligman of the University of Pennsylvania, ―There’s evidence that optimism bolsters the immune system.‖
Psychologists believe optimism and pessimism are habits we learn as children, and our parents are our role models. When a water pipe broke and flooded your new home, did your father lament, ―Why did I pick such a lousy house?‖ Or did he declare, ―Our contract guaranteed everything would be in perfect condition, so I’ll have the builder fix the plumbing and replace the damage‖?
―Optimism is a habitual way of explaining setbacks to yourself,‖ says Seligman. Here’s how it works:
The pessimist believes bad events stem from permanent conditions (―I failed the math quiz because I don’t have head for numbers.‖) and good events from temporary ones (―My husband brought me flowers because he had a good day at work.‖). The optimist, however, attributes failure to temporary causes (―I failed the test because I didn’t pay attention.‖) and favorite situations to enduring causes.(―He brought me flowers because he loves me.‖)
The pessimist allows a disappointment in one area of his life to pervade the test. Say he’s laid off from work. The pessimist not only feels bad about losing his job, but he also starts to worry that his marriage is in trouble and his kids are out of control. The optimist doesn’t let one setback contaminate his whole life. So at the moment I don’t have a job，he thinks. My wife and I are still close, and my kids made the honor roll（上了光荣榜）.
When things go wrong, pessimists blame themselves. If another driver dents your packed car，you chide yourself for parking in a ―stupid‖ spot. The optimist ascribes such trouble to a fluke or looks for a new approach – ―Next time I’ll park where there are few cars.‖ (360 words)
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高职升本科《英语综合》辅导 Reading Comprehension 阅读理解
旅游学院英语系
1. According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE? A. The power of optimism and pessimism is fearful.
B. Optimistic people are less likely to fall ill than pessimistic people. C. Optimism is connected with blind faith.
D. Pessimism makes people lose interest in anything. 2. Psychologists hold that_______. A. one is born optimistic or pessimistic. B. pessimism is hereditary
C. optimism is acquired when one is very young. D. optimism is a long lasting habit
3. Which of the following is TRUE of the difference between optimists and pessimists?
A. Optimists live a more wealthy life than pessimists.
B. Optimism can help explain the setback while pessimism cannot.
C. For pessimists a failure proves that he’s incapable, but optimists don’t think so. D. Pessimists usually blame themselves for their mistakes, while optimists don’t. 4. In this passage, how is the discussion of and pessimism developed？ A. By comparison and contrast.
B. By defining and explaining them with examples. C. By analyzing the reasons for optimism and pessimism. D. By introducing the historical background.
Passage 14
The ability to devote unswerving attention to a task can produce success in any field. On the other hand, being unable to stay in a zone can turn a sure winner into an also-ran (失败者). At the 1992 U.S. Olympic trials, decathlon star Dan O’Brien began by setting such a record pace in the contest’s events that a place on the team seemed certain. That’s when he relaxed and stumbled in the pole vault -- failing to clear a height that he had reached hundreds of times before. Unable, as he admitted later, to ―get his head together,‖ he tried and failed twice more. Despite O’Brien’s physical abilities, a mental lapse had dashed his Olympic hopes.
Most of us can sympathize with O’Brien’s. You’ve probably had those frustrating times when you couldn’t seem to get your brain going. You’ve sat blankly in front of
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高职升本科《英语综合》辅导 Reading Comprehension 阅读理解
旅游学院英语系
the computer screen, struggling to find the right words. You’ve started at the budget figures, unable to get your mind around them. And yet you’ve also known states of high concentration -- when you’ve gotten your best work done at a fast pace. How can you get yourself into your most productive state, your own personal zone?
Psychologists who have worked in the field of maximum performance, and neurologists who’ve studied what happens to the brain in such states, provide useful advice.
Practice, practice. Does mental focus develop the part of the brain used in the task, just as physical exercises build up the muscles? Psychology professor Michael Posner used PET scans and electroencephalograms to trace the brain activity of people focused on given tasks. Trying a task for the first time increased blood flow and electrical activity in the brain. But as the subjects became accomplished, brain blood flow and electrical discharges decreased. The more we practice concentration, Posner believes, the less brain activity is necessary. And mental skills perfected in one area can be transferred to others.
―The key,‖ says Louis Csoka, who taught concentration to future battlefield commanders at the U.S. Military Academy, ―is to learn to overcome noise and interference, whether internal or external.‖ For example, if you’re a jazz lover, you might practice by turning on some music and listening only to the alto saxophone, blocking out all the other instruments or vocals. If you’re a football fan, practice by looking at only the left outside linebacker. (400 words) 1. The example of Dan O’Brien is cited to prove________. A. the significance of devoting attention to a task B. the importance of mental relaxation
C. that practice is quite important for one’s mental focus D. that certainty can turn into uncertainty
2. According to Michael Posner, practice helps attain mental concentration because _______.
A. the more we practice the less brain activity is necessary B. practice increases blood flow
C. practice generates electricity in the brain D. both B and C
3. According to Louis Csoka, ________ is of vital important achieving mental concentration.
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高职升本科《英语综合》辅导 Reading Comprehension 阅读理解
旅游学院英语系
A. overcoming internal and external interference B. focusing on given tasks C. decreasing electrical discharges D. blocking out all other instruments
4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. How to Overcome Interference
B. The Approaches to Attain Mental Concentration C. Practice and Brain Activity D. Failure and Lack of Concentration
Passage 15
In 1971, Shell came up with a new method for drilling oil that increased production 3-6 times. Siemens has recently managed to cut the time it spends on production development by half. IBM, Saatchi & Saatchi, Merck, NASA and Microsoft have similar success stories — thanks to a man named Edward De Bono.
De Bono is no soothsayer, neither does he possess any supernatural powers. Rather, he is a scholar in the art of creative thinking.
A leading authority in the field of creative and conceptual thinking. De Bono is acclaimed today as the mastermind behind breakthrough theories like \Thinking\
According to De Bono, creative people are not necessarily intelligent. What makes them creative is their ability to actualize their thoughts.
\is like a cooking contest. All are given the same ingredients. The winner is the one who takes these ingredients and manages to create superior value,\De Bono said.
For De Bono, creativity is a key-factor for success in the 21st century. \creativity because first we need to change the way we are doing things, adapt to the changing world around us, achieve maximum use of available assets and finally solve problems that are otherwise difficult to solve.\creative thinking be taught, or is it a talent? Creativity is a skill that can be taught,\the expert said. Creative thinking, according to De Bono, is like a car: The motor resembles human intelligence while oil resembles information and knowledge. The driver is the navigator, the thinker. \climb it, but they fail to think how they are going to do so.\
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