C9 Test-1
I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.
1. consist of set phrases and short sentences. A. Proverbs B. Colloquialisms C. Slang words D. Idioms
2. Being phrases or sentences, idioms consist of more than word but each is a semantic unity. A. one B. two C. three D. four
3. Unlike free phrases, the structure of an idiom is to a large extent . A. changeable B. unchangeable C. unstable D. unfixed 4. The fixity of idioms depends on the . A. idiomaticity B. structure C. grammaticality D. style 5. Idioms are generally felt to be . A. formal B. intimate C. casual D. informal
6. occasionally occurs in proverbs ant{ sayings, where only a part of them is used instead of the whole.
A. Metonymy B. Synecdoche C. Shortening D. Dismembering 7. is not the characteristics of idioms. A. Expressiveness B. Complication C. Vividness D. Terseness
8. idioms are characterized by semantic and structural stability. A. All the B. Few C. None D. Not all the
9. The figures of speech of idioms include the following except . A. simile B. metaphor C. metonymy D. juxtaposition
10. Idioms manifest apparent rhetorical colouring which excludes . A. lexical manipulation B. stylistic manipulation C. phonetic manipulation D. figures of speech
11. In terms of complexity of sentences, sentence idioms can be divided into three types except . A. compound sentence B. imperative sentence C. simple sentence D. complex sentence
12. In the idiom, \ is used. A. simile B. metonymy C. personification D. synecdoche 13. In a broad sense, idioms may include . A. slang expressions B. colloquialisms C. catchphrases D. all the above
14. An idiom contains at least words. A. one B. two C. three D. four
15. A large proportion of idioms were first created by . A. linguists B. poets
C. ruling class D. working people 16. Idioms adverbial in nature function as . A. adjectives B. words C. adverbs D. verbs 17 .Forms and functions of idioms are . A. different B. identical
C. not necessarily identical D. not identical at all 18. In the idiom “make up a purse” is used. A. synecdoche B. personification C. metaphor D. simile
19. Of five groups of idioms, are the largest group. A. idioms nominal in nature B. idioms adjectival in nature C. idioms verbal in nature E. idioms adverbial in nature
20. Idioms nominal in nature function as . A. subjects B. nouns C. modifiers D. adjectives
21. The idiom “play fast and loose” is as rhetorical colouring. A. rhyme B. alliteration C. reiteration D. juxtaposition 22. “up and down” is as rhetorical colouring. A. rhyme B. alliteration C. reiteration D. juxtaposition
23. According to the criterion of grammatical functions, idioms may be classified into groups. A. two B. three C. four D. five
24. I don't know what will become of him after the war. “become of” means . A. suit B. happen to, often in a had way C. hinder D. begin to be
25. is used in the idiom “fall into good hands”. A. Metonymy B. Synecdoche C. Metaphor D. Personification 26. The idiom “scream and shout” is . A. alliteration B. reiteration C. rhyme D. juxtaposition
27. Slang expressions are often peculiar to and varieties. A. cultural, social B. professional, cultura
C. social, regional D. stylistic, affective
28. Occasionally, we may find changes in constituents of idioms: addition, ,replacement, shortening, position-shifting, , etc. A. analogy, reiteration B .juxtaposition, repetition C. deletion, dismembering D. alliteration, duplication 29. The stylistic features of idioms include . A. colloquialism B. slang C. literary expressions D. all the above
30. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.
A. logical B. lexical C. illogical D. grammatical
II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book. 1. Idioms consist of set phrases and . 2. Strictly speaking, idioms are expressions that are not readily understandable from their meaning of individual elements.
3. In a sense, idioms may include colloquialisms, catchphrases, slang expressions, proverbs, etc. 4. Being phrases or sentences, idioms each consist of more than one word but each is a . 5. The semantic unity of idioms is also reflected in the relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom.
6. Unlike free phrases, the structure of idiom is to a large extent . 7. The fixity of idioms depends on the . 8. idioms are mainly proverbs and sayings, including colloquialisms and catchphrases.
9. As far as sentence are concerned, sentence idioms embrace declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamative sentences.
10. In terms of sentence idioms can be further divided into simple, compound and complex sentences.
11. Forms and functions of idioms are not necessarily . 12. Idioms are generally felt to be and some are colloquialisms and slang. 13. The same idiom may show differences when it is assigned different meanings.
14. Apart from the stylistic features, idioms manifest apparent colouring in such respects as of phonetic manipulation, lexical manipulation and figures of speech.
15. Structural stability of idioms is not . 16. Characterized by semantic unity and stability, idioms do not allow changes as a rule.
17. When idioms are used in actual context, they do experience changes such as different forms of verbs, agreement of personal pronouns and number anti so on.
18. In some idioms, a constituent may be replaced by a word of the same , resulting in synonymous or antonymous idioms.
19. In some idioms, some constituents can be added or deleted, which does not affect the of the idioms.
20. The positions of certain constituents in some idioms can be shifted without any change in . 21. occasionally occurs in proverbs and sayings, where only a part of them is used instead of the whole.
22. The structures of idioms verbal in nature are quite complex and thus can be subdivided into phrasal verbs and . 23. The study of idioms is not just to know which are idioms and which are not, but also to understand them correctly in context and use them properly in production.
24. The same idiom may show differences when it is assigned different meanings. 25. Reiteration is of synonyms.
26. The figure of speech in \ . 27. refers to idioms in which the name of one thing is used for that of another associated with it. 28. Both metonymy and involve substitution of names.
29. The substitution of one part for the whole or vice versa is called . of verbs, agreement of personal pronouns and number and so on.
III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to ① features of idioms;②variations of idioms;③sentence types of idioms and ④classification of idioms.
A B 1. flesh and blood A. shortening 2. Art is long, life is short. B. euphemism 3. Never do things by halves. C. metonymy 4. make [ cut ] a figure D. metaphor 5. behind [ the ] bars E. reiteration
6. The leopard! But he did F. idiom nominal in nature change them.
7. from start to finish G. synecdoche
8. toss and turn H. idiom adjectival in nature 9. jack of all trades( = Jack of all I. addition or deletion trades and master of none. )
10. in the cradle J. compound 11. sail( = ship) K. verb phrase 12. sleep around L. replacement 13. year in and year out M. alliteration 14. give sb. the sack N. imperative 15. flat tire( = boring person) O. dismembering 16. beyond the pale P. repetition 17. pick and choose Q .juxtaposition
18. A little pot is soon hot. R. idiom adverbial in nature 19. put down to S. rhyme 20. in nothing flat T. phrasal verb
IV. Study the following words or expressions and identify ① features of idioms; ②variations of idioms; ③sentence types of idioms and ④classification of idioms.
1. powder one's nose ( ) 2. such and such ( ) 3. hit or miss ( ) 4. a dark horse ( )
30. When idioms are used in actual context, they do experience grammatical changes such as different
5. earn one's bread ( ) 6. Failur is the mother of success. ( ) 7. come to pass ( ) 8. big wheel ( ) 9. cancer stick ( ) 10. All is not gold that glitters. ( ) 11. sum and substance ( ) 12. odds and ends ( ) 13. The kettle is boiling. ( ) 14. the last straw (= It is the last straw that breaks the camel's back. ) ( ) 15. take [ lose ] heart ( ) 16. for good [ and all ] ( ) 17. give leg-bail ( ) 18. get away with ( ) 19. call it a day ( ) 20. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. ( ) V. Define the following terms.
1. idioms 2. semantic unity of idioms 3. structural stability of idioms 4. sentence idioms 5. stylistic features of idioms 6. rhetorical features 7. metonymy 8. synecdoche 9. replacement 10. addition or deletion 11. position-shifting 12. shortening of idioms 13. dismembering 14. phrasal verbs 15. verb phrases 16. true idioms 17. idioms of regular combinations 18. semi-idioms
VI .Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given.
1. What are the characteristics of idioms?
2. What are differences between free phrases and idioms? 3. How are idioms classified according to grammatical functions? 4. What are the stylistic features of idioms? 5. What are the rhetorical features of idioms.'? 6. What changes may occur in idioms occasionally?
VI .Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. 1. Look at him. He's sleeping like a log.
Pick out the idiom in the sentence, then point out its structure, grammatical function and figure of speech. 2. For many days, I looked here and there to try to find a necklace that looked the same as the lost one, but failed to find it.
Pick out the idiom in the sentence, then point out its structure, grammatical functions and rhetorical features. 3. The sudden death of his only child was a bolt from the blue to the old woman.
Pick out the idiom in the sentence. Explain its meaning, effect, grammatical structure and functions, and