摘要
双块式无砟轨道具有良好的平顺性和持久可靠的稳定性，其双块式轨枕采用工厂化生产的方式进行生产，设计其起重机，本课题主要对起重机的提升机构进行总体设计，尤其对提升机构的计算。该起重机的工作原理为：电动机经过减速器将运动和动力传给卷筒，再通过钢丝绳和导轮提升重物
首先经过全面分析确定方案。通过设计计算所得到的相关参数，直接确定了起重机工作级别和小车设计基本参数，对钢丝绳，卷筒，电动机，减速器，制动器，联轴器进行选型，亦为本文重点。最后对车轴和车架进行有限元分析，要求起重机提升机构运行平稳，定位准确，安全可靠，技术技能先进，设计结果表明养护专用起重机的提升机构可使双块式轨枕的生产过程更加可靠，在生产过程中养护系统采用养护专用起重机的提升机构也可大大提高生产效率。
在绘制机械制图时，采用SolidWorks软件绘制一张三维图，并用CAD软件要绘制一张总体二维装配图，还有卷筒，主梁的二维零件图，这样对提升机构有个更好的了解。
关键词：双块式轨枕；养护专用起重机；提升机构；有限元分析
Abstract
Double block ballastless track is smooth and reliable stability and lasting, the double block sleepers for double block type non ballasted track is smooth and reliable stability and lasting, the double block sleepers with factory production for production, the design of the crane, the main topic of the crane lifting mechanism for the overall design, especially for calculation of lifting mechanism. The working principle of the crane: motor through reducer the movement and power to the drum, and then through the wire rope and the guide pulley lifting heavy
First, after a comprehensive analysis to determine the program. Through the design of the calculated parameters directly determine the crane work level and the design of the car the basic parameters, the wire rope, drum, motor, reducer, brake, coupling selection, and is also the emphasis of this paper. Finally on the axle and frame of finite element analysis and requirements of crane hoisting mechanism smooth operation, accurate positioning, safe and reliable, advanced technical skills. The calculation results show that conservation dedicated crane lifting mechanism can make the production process of double block sleepers are more reliable, in the production process of curing system using dedicated maintenance crane lifting mechanism can greatly improve the production efficiency.
In the drawing mechanical drawing using SolidWorks software to draw a 3D map, and use CAD software to draw a general 2D assembly drawing, and drum, girder of 2D part drawing, so to lifting mechanism have a better understanding.
Keywords: double block sleepers；special crane for maintenance； lifting mechanism；finite element analysis
目录
第1章 绪论 ·························································································· 1 1.1 研究背景 ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 双块式轨枕生产简介 ............................................................................................... 1 1.3 起重机的国内外现状 ............................................................................................... 1 1.3.1 国内现状 ............................................................................................................ 2 1.3.2 国外现状 ............................................................................................................ 2 第2章 小车设计的基本工况及参数 ···························································· 4 2.1 桥式起重机工作环境简介 ....................................................................................... 4 2.2 起重机设计参数的确定 ........................................................................................... 5 2.2.1 起重机整机的工作级别 .................................................................................... 5 2.2.2 起重机机构的工作级别 .................................................................................... 6 2.3 起重机小车设计参数汇总 ....................................................................................... 6 2.4 小车整体方案设计 ................................................................................................... 7 第3章 小车起升机构设计 ········································································ 8 3.1 小车起升机构传动方案设计 ................................................................................... 8 3.2 钢丝绳及绳具的设计 ............................................................................................... 9 3.2.1 钢丝绳选型计算 ................................................................................................ 9 3.2.2 钢丝绳绳具选型 .............................................................................................. 11 3.3 卷筒组设计 ............................................................................................................. 11 3.3.1 卷筒组的类型及构造[11] .................................................................................. 11 3.3.2 卷筒设计计算 .................................................................................................. 11 3.4 电动机及减速器的计算选择 ................................................................................. 14 3.4.1 电动机及减速器参数设计计算 ...................................................................... 14 3.4.2 电动机及减速器选型 ...................................................................................... 15 3.5 联轴器的选择 ......................................................................................................... 16 3.6 导轮及导轮轴的设计 ............................................................................................. 16 3.6.1 导轮的设计 ...................................................................................................... 16 3.6.2 导轮轴的设计 .................................................................................................. 17 第4章 小车运行机构的设计 ···································································· 19
4.1 小车运行机构传动方案设计 ................................................................................. 19 4.2 小车车轮的选择 ..................................................................................................... 19 4.3 小车减速电机的选择 ............................................................................................. 19 4.3.1 小车运动计算 .................................................................................................. 19 4.3.2 减速电机的型号选择 ...................................................................................... 20 第5章 小车车架的设计 ·········································································· 23 5.1小车车架结构形式的设计 ........................................................................................ 23 5.2 小车车架受力有限元计算 ..................................................................................... 24 第6章 总结 ························································································· 28 参考文献 ······························································································· 29 致 谢 ······························································································· 30 附录 ····································································································· 31 外文翻译 .......................................................................................................................... 31
xxxxx大学毕业设计
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究背景
随着我国经济的不断发展，我国的铁路事业也发生了翻天覆地的变化，动车组和高铁两个新兴事物大大方便了人们的出行。火车轨道作为铁路事业的基础，经历了由有砟轨道到无砟轨道的飞跃。无砟轨道是指以混凝土或沥青混合料等取代道砟道床的区别传统有砟轨道的一种新型轨道[1]。随着铁路基础建设的发展，无砟轨道成为铁路工程建设必不可少的一种材料，目前无砟轨道结构形式主要有双块式轨枕和板式两种。
本文设计的设备应用于双块式轨枕的生产。双块式轨枕生产线采用封闭环形流水线生产工艺[2]。生产线按照设备功能可分为七大系统，这七大系统中尤其以养护系统最为关键。养护系统中有一个重要的环节，即将浇筑好的双块式轨枕模具送入养护线。在这个环节中要用到起重机这一关键设备。起重机的设计要符合生产线的实际情况。
1.2 双块式轨枕生产简介
双块式轨枕作为无砟轨道起重机的重要组成部分，使无砟轨道具有较好的平顺性和稳定性，其生产采用工厂流水线的方式，生产系统主要包括五大系统：搅拌供料系统、布料震动系统、养护系统、脱模系统和成品运输系统[3]。本次设计的双块式轨枕养护用专用起重机提升机构主要用于养护系统。双块式轨枕是一种钢筋混凝土制品，混凝土经布料震动系统浇筑至钢制模具之后会逐渐凝固变硬，其变硬的主要原因就是水泥的水化作用，而水化作用的效果取决于合适的湿度和温度。在合适的湿度和温度条件下才能制造出合格的双块式轨枕。因此养护系统对于工厂所生产的双块式轨枕质量具有重要的作用。
为保证被混凝土浇筑后的双块式轨枕钢模能高效的进入养护系统的养护通道，设计其专用的运输机械是很有意义的。一般在生产线的运输机械中，起重机是常用的运输机械。本次设计为双块式轨枕养护用专用起重机设计的一部分，主要设计专用起重机的起升机构。
1.3 起重机的国内外现状
1