The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.
This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive(认知的) tasks not because they aren\'t clever enough to solve them, but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.
The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don\'t
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associate with the knowledgeable individuals, or they are too shy to use the information once they have it, information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.
59. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. The design of Dr Carter\'s research. B. The results of Dr Carter\'s research. C. The purpose of Dr Carter\'s research. D. The significance of Dr Carter\'s research.
60. According to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete a new learning task?
A. Those that have more experience. B. Those that can avoid potential risks. C. Those that like to work independently. D. Those that feel anxious about learning.
61. Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4? A. Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning. B. Some baboons are shy but active in social activities. C. Some baboons observe others but don\'t follow them. D. Some baboons perform new tasks but don\'t concentrate.
62. Dr Carter\'s findings indicate that our culture might be formed through ________． A. storing information
B. learning from each other
C. understanding different people D. travelling between social groups
【要点概述】 本文是一篇科普类文章。文章通过叙述Dr Alecia Carter在狒狒身上进行的一项研究显示，动物的性格在社会化的学习中起着很重要的作用。勇敢的、急躁的狒狒乐于学习，而胆小的、安静的狒狒不乐于学习。同样，人类也与此相似，我们的文化的形成正是通过交换信息等社会化的学习活动来实现的。
59. A 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“?Dr Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves.”可知，本段主要描述她进行的这项研究的设计方案，也就是她在这项研究里是如何做的。所以A项正确。
60. D 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.”可知，那些很急切想学习的狒狒学得更快、更好，而那些害羞的狒狒却没能做到。所以D项正确。
61. C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.”可知，一些狒狒虽然观察了很长时间，但是并没有采取行动。这说明性格在动物的社会行为中起着很重要的作用。第四段里的mismatch就是指第三段最后一句“?while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.”的内容。所以C项正确。
62. B 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的第一句“The findings may impact how we
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understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning.”可知，人们是通过社会学习来理解我们文化的形成的，也就是说人们需要相互交换信息、相互学习。所以B项正确。
[2014·湖北卷]
D
You\'ve flown halfway around the world; you\'ve sniffed out this place that nobody in Falongland or Thailand seems to have ever heard of; so what on earth is there to do here? You consider this question as you sink into an old wooden beach chair that holds you above the sand.
It was a long journey from Bangkok to Huaplee. By the time you found the bus station and got yourself sorted out, it took almost as long as the flight from Falongland.
Huaplee is located just south of Hua Hin, about two hundred kilometres from Bangkok, down the west side of the Gulf of Thailand. Not many tourists find this place, and the ones that do wonder if finding it has been their purpose all along.
There\'s an apparent laziness that surrounds you here. It\'s what this place offers, and it\'s free of charge. The small waves that tap the shoreline seem to slow everything down. You settle into your beach chair in preparation for a long rest. You sit there and watch the sea.
It\'s early afternoon, so the cook comes out and asks what you\'d like to eat this evening. Before long he\'s rushed off to the market to buy the ingredients for whatever it was that you ordered—every meal fresh and to order. No menu here.