OK, this brings us to the end of our lecture. I hope that after today's lecture, you'll understand better the significance of the study of art history. Art enables us to know more about human history, for example, people's views and opinions about certain historical events, and what's more important, about different cultures, their religious beliefs, perception of art etc.
What Can We Learn from Art?
Ⅰ.Introduction
A. Differences between general history and art history
--Focus :
--general history: (1)
--art history: political values, emotions, everyday life, etc.
B. Significance of study
More information and better understanding of human society and civilization.
Ⅱ.Types of information
A. Information in hi story book is (2)
--facts, but no opinions
B. Information in art history is subjective
-- (3) and opinions
e.g. --Spanish painters' works: misuse of governmental power
--Mexican artists' works: attitudes towards social problems
Ⅲ.Art as a reflection of religious beliefs
A. Europe: (4) in pictures in churches
Reason: human and (5) are not seen as holy
C. Africa and the Pacific Islands: Masks, headdresses and costumes in special
ceremonies
Purpose: to seek the help of (6) to protect crops, animals and people
Ⅳ. Perceptions of Art
How people see art is related to their cultural background
A. Europeans and Americans
-- (7)
--expression of ideas
B. People in other places
--part of everyday life
-- (8) use
Ⅴ. Art as a reflection of social changes
A. Cause of changes: (9) of different cultures
B. Changes
--tribal people: effects of (10) on art forms
--European artists: influence of African traditional art in their works
--American and Canadian artists: study of Japanese painting
1.economics and war 2.objective 3.personal emotions 4.the Bible 5.animal images 6.the God
7.decoration 8.practical 9. influence; interaction 10.urbanization
SECTION B
In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your ANSWER SHEET. 题 11 - 15
[原文]
W: Nigel Linge is editor of Business Travel Weekly. Nigel, thanks for being on the show. Now, what kind of problems do airline passengers face nowadays?
M: Well, most of the problems are caused by the heavy volume of traffic. You know, all airports have a limit to the number of take-offs and landings they can handle.
W: So what seems to be the problem?
M: All flights from a busy airport arrive and leave at more or less the same time. If 60 aircraft are scheduled to take off between 5 p.m. and 5:15, and the airport can only handle 120 an hour, that means some will always be late landing or taking-off. And if the weather is bad, oh, you can imagine what the situation is like. So passengers have to be loaded into each plane, and then the planes have to line up to take off.
W: So waiting at the lounge or on the plane is quite common.
M: Certainly. And another problem that's very common is over-booking. Quite often you hear an announcement on the airport loudspeakers: "We have over sold on this flight and would like volunteers to go on the next flight out. " If you decide to volunteer, you may get a cash bribe or free-trip voucher, but make sure you get a guaranteed seat on the next flight and a free phone call to whoever is meeting you on the other end. And worse still, you arrive with confirmed reservation
W: Presumably, if you choose to travel at off-peak times, there are few problems.
M: Well, there are no off-peak times, All flights seem to be full except Saturday. I don't quite understand why this is so. You know, if there is a public holiday, things are likely to be especially busy. The special fare systems on the airline's computers encourage more people to fly on less popular flights and this means that as a result all flights are equally full.
W: So, what advice would you give to business travelers?
M: rd say "Avoid big airports if you can". The reason is there are too many flights there. Then, remember not to check your baggage if you can help it. Another thing is "Be prepared for delays". Take something to eat and drink in your hand luggage.
W: Nigel, what kind of mistakes do inexperienced travelers make?
M: The first mistake business travelers make is to take far too much luggage. Remember, take only carry-on luggage, because at most airports, you can get away with two small bags.
W: Oh, I see.
M: Another mistake people make is to think that you have to pay full price for air tickets. You should find out about the different ticket options. For example, an RTW fare can save up to 40% on normal fare.
W: Excuse me, what is RTW?
M: Round the World. For example, if you're going to Australia from the USA, you could go out via Singapore, and come back via North America. And another way to save money is to see if the ticket to a destination beyond it's cheaper. For example, a ticket from Amsterdam from London to New York may be cheaper than one straight from London to New York.