to attend this conference and share ideas. Representatives from many environmental organizations also are attending. The United Nations hopes to create an international agreement that countries and citizens will follow to help improve the Earth's environment.‖
Task 2:
【答案】
A.
1) d
2) a
3) b
4) c
B.
1) Occupational noise
2) Aircraft noise
3) Traffic noise
【原文】
The sense of sound is one of our most important means of knowing what is going on around
us. Sound has a wasted product, too, in the form of noise. Noise has been called unwanted sound. Noise is growing and it may get much worse before it gets and better.
Scientists, for several years, have been studying how noise affects people and animals. They
are surprised by what they have learned. Peace and quiet are becoming harder to find. Noise pollution—the crashing, squeaking, banging, hammering of people—is no joke. It is a threat that should be looked at carefully. Sound is measured in units called ―decibels‖. At a level of 140 decibels people feel pain in their ears.
Automobiles, trucks, buses, motorcycles, airplanes, boats, factories, bands—all these things
make noise. They bother not only our ears, but our minds and bodies as well. There is a saying about it being so noisy that you can‘t hear yourself think. Doctors who study noise believe that we must sometimes hear ourselves think. If we don‘t we may have headaches, other aches and pains, or even worse mental problems. Noise adds more tension to society that already faces enough stress. But noise is not a new problem. In ancient Rome, people complained so much about noise
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that the government stopped chariots from moving through the streets at night!
Noise can be separated into a few general groups. The following examples are taken from
hearings before the US Senate Subcommittee on Air and Water Pollution in 1970.
Occupational noise—Factory workers who always hear noise have poorer hearing than other
groups.
Aircraft noise—Around airports or on air routes the noise of airplanes taking off and landing
causes the greatest complaints.
Traffic noise—Away from the noise of planes, traffic sounds break in on our peace and quiet.
Trucks and motorcycles cause the most problems.
Task 3:
【答案】
1) F
2) F
3) T
4) F
5) T
6) F
7) F
8) T
9) T
【原文】
We usually think of pollution as a harmful waste substance that threatens the air and water.
But some people have become concerned about another kind of pollution. It can be everywhere, depending on the time of day. And it was not thought of as a substance. It is light.
The idea of light pollution has developed with the increase of lights in cities. In many areas, this light makes it difficult or impossible to observe stars and in the night sky. In 1998, the International Dark-Sky Association formed. This organization wants to reduce light pollution in the night sky. It also urges the effective use of electric lighting.
There are a number of reasons why light pollution is important. One has become clear at the Mount Wilson near Los Angeles, California. Mount Wilson Observatory was home to the largest telescopes in the world during the first half of 1900.
During that period, Los Angeles grew to become one of America's biggest cities.
Today, light from Los Angeles makes the night sky above Mount Wilson very bright. It is no
longer an important research center because of light pollution.
Light pollution threatens to reduce the scientific value of research telescopes in other
important observatories. They include Lick Observatory near San Jose, California and Yerkes Observatory near Chicago, Illinois.
Light pollution is the result of wasted energy. Bright light shining into the sky is not being used to provide light where it is needed on Earth. Poorly designed lighting causes a great deal of light pollution. Lights that are brighter than necessary also cause light pollution.
Recently, two Italian astronomers and an American environmental scientist created a world map of the night sky. The map shows that North America, Western Europe and Japan have the greatest amount of light pollution.
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Most people in America are surprised to find out that they are able to see our own galaxy, the
Milky Way, with their own eyes. But about three fourths of Americans cannot see the Milky Way because of man-made light.
Objects in the night sky are resources that provide everyone with wonder. And light pollution threatens to prevent those wonderful sights from being seen.
Task 4:
【答案】
A.
Israel and Jordan，365，the lowest point，saltiest，are important to Jews, Christians and Muslims，Minerals，The strange beauty of the sea
B. Message sent by this project: C.