《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案
【Chapter 1】
7． tart: loose woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girl 8. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the sea bade = bid 12. Denizens kettle die wall skirt husband Aliens confrere pro patria Wunderkind mikado parvenu Translation loans chopstick typhoon black humour long time no see Semantic loans dream
【Chapter 2】 Ex.1
The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately.
2.
Indo-European Language Family
Celtic Italian Hellenic
Germanic
Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian
Roumanian Hindi Lithuanian Persian Prussian Polish Russian
Breton Spanish Scottish Irish
French Italian
Greek
English Swedish German Norweigian Icelandic Danish Dutch
Portuguese
Slavenian Bulgarian
6.
When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.
Most of the content words are either of Greek or Latin origin. What are left are mostly functional words. This shows that Greek and Latin play a very important part in the English vocabulary.
8. eventful [Latin + English]
hydroplane [Greek + Latin] pacifist [Latin + Greek]
falsehood [ Latin + English] saxophone [German + Greek] heirloom [ French + English]
joss house [ Portuguese + English] television [Greek + Latin]
9.
amateur (late) peace (E)
finacé (late)
empire (early)
courage (E)
chair (E)
garage (L) chaise (L) routine (L)
genre (L)
judgement (E) grace (E)
servant (E)
jealous (E) gender (E)
savaté (L) début (L)
morale (L)
state (E) chez (L) ballet (L)
11. allegro, f
轻快 行板
andante, j
diminuendo, g 渐弱 largo, d
缓慢
pianoforte, a 轻转慢 alto, i
女低音
crescendo, b 渐强 forte, e
轻 女高音 强
piano, h
12.
soprano, c
cherub (Hebrew) coolie (Hindi) lasso (Sp)
snorkel (G) tulip (Turk)
wok (Ch)
chocolate (Mex)
shampoo (Indian) tepee (Am Ind) kibitz (G)
jubilee (Gr)
Sabbath (Heb)
chipmunk (Am Ind) tamale (Mex) cotton (Arab)
voodoo (Afr)
loot (Hindi)
sauerbraten (G)
13.
a. alligator c. rodeo e. igloo
b. loco d. bonanza f. blitzkrieg h. canoe j. boomerang
g. wigwam i. hurricane k. panchos
【Chapter 3】
1. a. morpheme b. allomorph c. bound morpheme d. free morpheme e. affix f. informational affix g. derivational affix h. root i. stem j. base
3. individualistic
individualist + ic [stem, base] individual + ist [stem, base] individu + al [stem, base] in + dividu [root, stem, base]
undesirables
un + desirable [stem, base] desir + able [root, stem, base] free morpheme = free root morpheme bound root bound morpheme inflectional affix affix prefix derivational affix suffix
【Chapter 4】
Affixation
5. non-smoker incapable impractical disobey insecurity irrelevant immature inability/disability unofficially unwillingness illegal disagreement illogical disloyal inconvenient non-athletic
6. harden horrify modernize memorize falsify apologize deepen glorify sterilize lengthen intensify beautify fatten sympathize
a. apologized b. beautify c. lengthening d. sympathized e. fatten f. falsify g. memorizing h. Sterilize
7. a. employee b. politician c. participant d. waitress e. conductor f. teacher g. pianist h. examinee/examiner 8.
trans- = across: transcontinental, trans-world mono- = one: monorail, monoculture
super- = over, above: superstructure, supernatural auto- = self: autobiography, automobile sub- = bad, badly: malpractice, malnutrition mini- = little, small: minicrisis, miniwar pre- = before: prehistorical, preelection ex- = former: ex-teacher, ex-filmer Compounding
heartbeat [S + V] brainwashing [V + O] movie-goer [place + V] baking powder [ V +adv] far- reaching [V + Adv] dog-tired [adv + a] lion-hearted [adv + a] love-sick [adv + a] boyfriend [S + complement] peace-loving [V +O] snap decision [V + O] easy chair [ a + n] on-coming [V +adv] tax-free [adv +a] light-blue [a + a] goings-on [V +adv]
4. well-bred/well-behaved culture-bound/homebound