Module 6 Unit 4 Helping people around the world
Word Study
1. lack vt. sb lack sth. = sb be/run short of sth 某人没有……、某人缺乏……
e.g. He ~s confidence.
n. [U] 但可加 a (a) ~ of sth.= a shortage of sth. 没有/缺乏……
e.g. He quitted /quit school for lack of money.
Lack of sleep can affect learning and memory. __________________。
It’s ________________ not _____________________ that makes many people fail. 许多人失败不是因为缺少能力，而是因为缺乏信心。
lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的 sb be lacking in sth. 缺乏(某种品质，特点)
e.g. He is lacking in wisdom / intelligence/confidence.
2. refer (-red, -red；referring ) reference n. vi. ~ to sb/sth. 提到某人某事；参考/查阅某物
refer to a dictionary = consult a dictionary = look up new words in a dictionary （查字典） When I said some students were stupid, I wasn’t referring to you. (指的是，指……而言) The student referred to in the teacher’s speech is Tom. （提到） He suggested I buy the bestseller ____________(提到的)by Professor Li. refer to … as… 把……称作……
Children are often referred to as the “apple of their parents’ eye”. 译：____________________________________. reference n. 参考，参阅 a ~ book参考书
in / with ~ to 关于 = regarding =concerning =in/with regard to
3. political a. 政治的 politics n. 政治 politician n. 政治家，政界人物；政客
4.worthy adj. 值得的；令人敬重的 ①作表语：(很)值得做
sth be worthy of n./being done = sth be worthy to be done 某事值得做
c.f. sth be worth doing sth / 或+ money 某事值得做/ 某物值多少钱 It is worthwhile to do/ doing sth. 做……是值得的 e.g. 这个地方值得参观。（一句多译）
This place is worth _____________. This place is worthy of __________________. This place is worthy ______________. It is worthwhile ______________ this place. ②作定语：可敬的；高尚的 a ~ doctor / cause 一位可敬的医生/一份高尚的事业 worthwhile 作定语时表示：值得花（时间等）；有价值的；重要的 a ~ job/ ~ advice 5. equal adj. be ~ to sb./ sth./ doing sth. 平等的；同等的；等于；胜任的
In my opinion, earning a large sum of money isn’t equal to / does not equal living a happy life. Women ask for equal pay for equal work. ________________________. I’m not equal to the position. __________________________________
vt. = match ~ sth /doing sth/ sb Three plus five equals (= is equal to) eight. A is equal to B in sth. = A equals B in sth. n. equality 平等
Don’t you believe in equality between men and women?___________________________. n. equal 同等或平等的人或物
The good thing about her as a boss is that she treats us all as equals. adv. equally treat sb. ~ be ~ famous/important
6. contribute vt/ vi ( contributor 捐献/捐款人；投稿人；contribution n. [C] ) 捐助；贡献
①为……撰稿 ~ to China Daily ②捐献，捐赠 ~ to the Red Cross
③导致，促成 = lead to = result in = cause = bring about
Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness. _______________________. _____________________________________? 吸烟会导致肺癌吗？
④贡献 ~ a lot to society
make contributions to sb/sth 为……作出贡献
7. acquire vt. 购得；获得，得到
（多指经过努力逐步获得知识、技能等，且一经获得就很难失去）
acquire a knowledge of English 英语学得好 ~ a habit of smoking 有抽烟的习惯 He has acquired a bad reputation for dishonesty.他得到了奸诈的坏名声。 acquisition n. 习得；获得 language acquisition 语言习得
8. urgent adj. 紧急的，紧迫的 an ~ call
It is ~ that they all (should) be present at the meeting. （虚拟语气）
urge v.& n 力劝 feel/have an ~ to do sth. ~ sb to do sth
~ that sb should do sth.
urgency n. [U]
9. starvation [U] die of ~ = be starved to death 饿死 starve v. ~ for sth./ ~ to do sth. 渴望……，极需要……
10. alternative adj. 可供替代的；可供选择的 ~ energy an ~ plan/ solution/ road n. [C]
take the ~ of doing sth. 选择做某事
have no alternative but to do sth. = have no ~/ choice but to do sth. 别无选择只有做某事
11. if only +从句 ① 虚拟过去： 虚拟语气
② 虚拟现在：
If only he had passed the driving test! If only he didn’t drive so fast!
（但愿） ③ 虚拟将来： If only it would stop raining! 要是我会飞就好了！____________________________!
要是我们不参加高考直接上大学就好了。________________________________. 要是他当时开车慢一点点就好了！_____________________________________ c.f. only if 表示唯一的条件 “只要，只有” 引导条件状语从句；
置于句首时主句用倒装
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹铃响，我才会醒。 Only if I go will he go. _____________________.
12. possession n ①[U] 占有，拥有 ②[C] 财产，所有物（用复数）
sb take /have possession of sth = sb possess sth 某人拥有某物 （指动作）
sb be in possession of sth =sth be in the possession of sb= sth be in sb’s possession（指状态） sth come into one’s possession =sth come into the possession of sb 落入某人的手中 put away all your possessions in safe places 把你所有的财产放在安全的地方 possess vt. ①拥有 （财产等）
②具有（品质，才能等）③支配，控制
What qualities _____________________________ if you want to be a CEO? 如果你想当一个首席执行官，你应该具备什么样的品质？
13. means方法，手段 （单复数一样）
Television is an effective means of communication. 电视是一种有效的通讯手段。
The load was lifted by means of a crane. 重物是用起重机吊起来的。 by means of 用……方法， 依靠 ……
Thoughts are expressed ~ words.
by this means =____ this way = _____ this method 用这种方法 by all means 当然可以! = of course — May I leave now? — By all means！ by no means 绝不，一点儿不
By no means ______ give up. 我们绝不会放弃。
14.break down
①（机器等）出故障 We are sorry to arrive late, but the car broke down.
②(计划，谈判等)失败， 坚持不下去了Negotiations between the two sides have broken down. ③(身体)垮了；情绪等控制不住 With so much work filling my mind, I almost break down. ④分解，分化（侧重化学变化） [拓展]
break up 散会; 驱散; 散学,学期结束放假 break through 突破;打通 break out 发生; 爆发
break away from 脱离;逃脱 改掉习惯
break in/ into =burst in/ into 突然闯入 break up with sb 和某人绝交 break into laughter=burst into laughter 突然大笑起来
15.vacant adj. ① 未占用的，空着的 = unoccupied a ~ seat/room
② (职位)空缺的
a ~position
vacancy n.（职位或岗位等）空缺 job ~ 职位空缺 a ~ for a secretary