a1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
a b c d e f g h
h8
思考题3：
POJ1789 要求用Prim算法实现
Truck History
Time Limit: 2000MS Memory Limit: 65536K
Description
Advanced Cargo Movement, Ltd. uses trucks of different types. Some trucks are used for vegetable delivery, other for furniture, or for bricks. The company has its own code describing each type of a truck. The code is simply a string of exactly seven lowercase letters (each letter on each position has a very special meaning but that is unimportant for this task). At the beginning of company's history, just a single truck type was used but later other types were derived from it, then from the new types another types were derived, and so on.
Today, ACM is rich enough to pay historians to study its history. One thing historians tried to find out is so called derivation plan -- i.e. how the truck types were derived. They defined the distance of truck types as the number of positions with different letters in truck type codes. They also assumed that each truck type was derived from exactly one other truck type (except for the first truck type which was not derived from any other type). The quality of a derivation plan was then defined as
where the sum goes over all pairs of types in the derivation plan such that to is the original type and td the type derived from it and d(to,td) is the distance of the types. Since historians failed, you are to write a program to help them. Given the codes of truck types, your program should find the highest possible quality of a derivation plan.
1/Σ(to,td)d(to,td)
Input
The input consists of several test cases. Each test case begins with a line containing the number of truck types, N, 2 <= N <= 2 000. Each of the following N lines of input contains one truck type code (a string of seven lowercase letters). You may assume that the codes uniquely describe the trucks, i.e., no two of these N lines are the same. The input is terminated with zero at the place of number of truck types.
Output
For each test case, your program should output the text \is 1/Q.\
Sample Input
4
aaaaaaa baaaaaa abaaaaa aabaaaa 0
Sample Output
The highest possible quality is 1/3.
思考题4
POJ2485 要求用Kruskal算法实现
Highways
Time Limit: 1000MS
Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 18145 Accepted: 8433
Description
The island nation of Flatopia is perfectly flat. Unfortunately, Flatopia has no public highways. So the traffic is difficult in Flatopia. The Flatopian government is aware of this problem. They're planning to build some highways so that it will be possible to drive between any pair of towns without leaving the highway system.
Flatopian towns are numbered from 1 to N. Each highway connects exactly two towns. All highways follow straight lines. All highways can be used in both directions.
Highways can freely cross each other, but a driver can only switch between highways at a town that is located at the end of both highways.
The Flatopian government wants to minimize the length of the longest highway to be built. However, they want to guarantee that every town is highway-reachable from every other town.
Input
The first line of input is an integer T, which tells how many test cases followed. The first line of each case is an integer N (3 <= N <= 500), which is the number of villages. Then come N lines, the i-th of which contains N integers, and the j-th of these N integers is the distance (the distance should be an integer within [1, 65536]) between village i and village j. There is an empty line after each test case.
Output
For each test case, you should output a line contains an integer, which is the length of the longest road to be built such that all the villages are connected, and this value is minimum.
Sample Input
1 3
0 990 692