诸如for example, such as之类的词组。
（六） 观点态度题： 一般来说，说明文体裁客观，所以作者的态度应是客观的(objective)或中立的(neutral)；而在议论文中，作者的观点往往是有所表达的，考生应细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词或短语。常见的提问方式有：
A: How does the author feel about…? 作者认为??怎么样？
B: What’s the author’s attitude towards…? 作者对??是什么看法或态度？ C: Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards…?
下面哪项最能描述作者对??的态度？
D: The tone of the author is ______. 作者的语气或态度是什么？
常出现的有关态度的词：optimistic（乐观的）, pessimistic（悲观的）, cautious（审慎的）, enthusiastic（热情的）, objective（客观的）, subjective（主观的）, arbitrary（武断的）, neutral（中立的）, positive（肯定的）, critical（批评的）, compromising（折衷的）, indifference（漠不关心的）, ironic（讽刺的）, appreciative（欣赏的）等等。
三、例题讲解 （一）各种题型具体解题思路与分析 1．细节题 此处为1小题解题之关键句（蓝色画此处为2小题解题之关键句（红色画线部例1（选自《大学英语》(A) Test 1, Part 1, P. 55） 线部分）。 In 1985, the Coca-cola Company made the decision to change the formula of its leading soft drink. The change was based on the findings of many market studies. These studies had shown the general response to the new product was good. However, the change of the traditional Coca-cola by New Coke was rejected by the majority of drinkers. In fact, the company had to step back and restart production 此处为3of the old formula of Coca-cola. 小题解题The most important reason why New York was rejected was the emotional relationship that 之关键句existed between drinkers and the soft drink formula. Drinking Coca-cola had become a tradition for （绿色画many people over its 99years of existence. The change made by the company was not only in Coke’s 线部分）。 formula bust also in the traditional values and memories that it represented to the drinkers. ―We had taken away more than the product Coca-cola. We had taken away a little part of them and their past.‖ The drinkers rejected this ―improvement‖, because ―they believed that Coke stood for traditional value … so they felt betrayed when the product changed completely overnight‖.
Although a lot of research was done by Coca-cola Company, it didn’t show the depth of drinkers’ emotion for the product. The studies took many forms, but none of the tests was able to measure the degree of personal and emotional reactions caused by the disappearance of the old, traditional Coca-cola. The weakness of the research was that it was mainly quantitative in form. The result was only members that could not show the deep meaning the product had for many people. A more extensive study focusing on the qualitative aspects of the change would perhaps have been able to demonstrate the close relationship existing between drinkers and product. 1. Coca-cola Company changed the formula in 1985 because ______. A. it led the soft drink industry in the market
B. its market studies supported the change in the formula
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C. it carried out market research for expansion D. It simply felt the need to make the change
【题解】此题为细节题。题干中的―because‖可以判定此题是要查找原因，查找的范围就需要根据题干中所给出的信息词 ―changed the formula in 1985‖，通过浏览全文，可以判定此题的答案出处就在文章第一段的第一、二、三句话。第二句话表明这种变化是基于多项市场调查的调查结果的，第三句话进一步说明这些调查已经显示对于新产品的普遍反映是好的。最后考查选项，A选项表示可口可乐公司引导市场上的饮料产业，B选项表示公司的调查支持配方的改变，C选项表示公司为了扩张做了市场调查，D选项表示公司单纯认为有必要做出改变，结合原文此题应该选择B选项。
2. According to the passage, the drinkers rejected New Coke because of ______. A. the late response to the market by coca-cola company B. the reproduction of Coca-cola’s old drink formula C. a strong dislike by Coca-cola’s regular drinkers
D. the emotional relationship between the drinkers and the old soft drink
【题解】此题为细节题。题干中的―because of‖可以判定此题也是要查找原因，同时根据题干中所给出的信息句 ―the drinkers rejected New Coke‖，“the reason …was that…‖可以判定此题的答案出处就在文章第二段的第一句话，而选项中D选项和原文完全相符，所以正确答案是D选项。在解该类型题时，大家尤其要注意原文中与题干中关键词句相近的词句，往往这就是答案的所在之处。
3. The product Coca-cola was believed to stand for ______. A. traditional values and good memories B. traditional customs and happy days C. past honors and efficient management D. top quality and wonderful taste
【题解】此题为细节题。此题的解题关键就是stand for，意为“代表，象征”。在原文第二段第三句话中的represented是解题的关键，因为该词也是“代表”的意思， ―…traditional values and memories that it represented to the drinkers‖中的that从句it就代表the product Coca-cola，that是一个定语从句，所以此题应该选择A选项。解题时，要注意文章中与题干中心词有关的词语或句子，以及句子中代词所指代的名词。
例2（选自《大学英语》(A) Test4，Part 1, P. 76）
There’s a great story about an old Finnish woman who, without quite realizing it, was using her cell-phone to access the Internet and track her city’s public transit system. When asked why she used the wireless Internet so frequently, she replied, ―What are you talking about? I don’t know anything about this wireless Internet stuff. I just know the bus is here.‖
Regardless of whether you want to admit it, a lot of us are like that old Finnish woman. When it comes to new mobile applications, many of us do not realize the capability and power that we hold, literally, in hour hands.
What we are looking at today is the mobile Internet in its infancy. Now that using the Internet from home or work has saturated much of society, the next logical step is to be able to use the Net when you are far away from your desktop or laptop. Speech recognition is one way to do this, and there are a number of services, collectively called the ―voice web‖, that will make this possible. All
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you do is use a phone or wireless device to call a phone number, and speak commands to an intuitive 此处为3system. It will then give you the information you’re seeking, using either a synthesized voice or an 小题解题audio file. 之关键句In the United States and Europe, the hot technology for wireless devices is called WAP (Wireless （红色画Application Protocol), which is being considered as the world standard. WAP is supported by major 线部分）。 phone companies including Nokia, Motorola and Ericsson, and is simply a means of transmitting information, much like HTML, which is a means of communicating on the Internet. Currently, wireless Internet connections may give you news, sports scores, stock quotes, and the weather if you’re lucky. But if you’ve ever used the technology, you know it’s slow, costly and doesn’t seem worth the time and effort, if it works at all. All of this technology points to easier living. Perhaps you’ll need to find a restaurant for an occasional business meeting. You’ll press a button on your mobile phone, and access the internet to pull up a list of great restaurants in your immediate area.
You’ll hit another button, say a few words into the handset and you’ve got a reservation for four. (380 words)
3. According to the text, WAP is a ______.
A. technology standard set by major phone companies
B. substitution of HTML which can be applied on the Internet C. means of exchanging information
D. a software application for transmitting voice over telephone lines
【题解】此题为细节题。根据题干可以判定此题是考查 ―WAP‖具体是什么，所以就需要我们回原文去寻找有关WAP的表述。在原文的第四段的第二句话就出现了 ―WAP,which…. WAP is supported by …and is simply a means of …‖，从这句话就可以看出WAP作为世界范围认可的协议，得到主要电话厂商的支持，仅仅是一种传送信息的方式。考查选项，A选项中表示主要厂商制定协议，而原文表达的是“支持”，B选项表示的是应用于HTML的替代物，原文第四段最后一句话用的是 ―much like HTML‖，表示相似，并不是替代；D选项表示的是能传递语音文件的软件应用，但是原文第三段最后一句话表明不仅能传递语音文件，还能传递音频文件。所以正确答案是C选项。
在解细节题时，大家遇到定语、状语或者从句较多的长句时，大家需要抓住该句的主要结构，即主谓宾（主谓）等句子结构即可，把其他成分都暂时放到一边，这样才比较容易理解长句，抓住句子的关键词句所在。
2.正误判断题与推理题 例3（见例1所选文章）
4. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Research by Coca-cola considered emotional factors. B. Coca-cola did little research before they made the change.
C. Research by Coca-cola was quantitative rather than qualitative. D. Research by Coca-cola was both quantitative and qualitative.
【题解】此题为正误判断题 。题干要求是要根据文章的内容，选择选项的表述内容是正确的一个，因此这就要求大家在浏览原文的过程中要找到与四个选项所表述的内容相关的语句。选项A和B根据原文最后一段的第一句话可以准确的判定该选项表述的内容与原文不符。原句 ―Although a lot of research was done by Coca-cola Company, it didn’t show the depth of drinkers’ emotion for the product.‖中a lot of research就可以排除B选项，后半句话中的it didn’t show the depth of drinker’s emotion也可以排除A选项。根据原文的最后一段的第三句话“这次调查的缺
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点就是主要是数量的形式。”可以判定缺少质量方面的调查，同时，在原文最后一句话用虚拟语气也说明了需要更多的质量方面的调查，由此就可以排除D选项，同时确定正确选项为C。
5. The author of the article clearly indicates that ______. A. the weakness of the research could have been removed
B. Coca-cola should have measured the quantitative factors more carefully. C. Coca-cola should have done a more extensive qualitative study.
D. A slower change of the product might have improved the sales of the company
【题解】此题为推理题，是对整篇文章内容的一个推断判定。对于这种题型，我们需要在理解整篇文章内容的基础上来考查选项。选项A表述的内容为“应该去除调查的缺点”，选项B所表述的内容为“可口可乐公司应该更仔细的估量量的因素”，而在原文中，文章最后一句提到更多质量方面改变的调查也许能更好证明存在于饮用者和产品之间的亲密关系，而没有提及有关A和B选项所表述的内容，但是由此可以表明C选项所表述的“可口可乐公司应该做一些更大范围的质量方面的研究”，所以正确答案为C选项。D选项所表述的内容为“产品较慢的改变也许会增加公司的销售额”，但是在原文的第一段的最后一句话提到“公司必须退回去重新生产老配方的可口可乐”，D选项与原文不相符，所以也可以排除。
例4（见例2所选文章）
1. The author uses the story of an old Finnish woman to indicate that ______. A. she is ignorant of some common knowledge
B. public transit system contains the accessory to the Internet
C. many people are unaware of the function of the new appliances being used D. the Internet is is experiencing rapid growth
【题解】此题属于推理题，是对具体某个细节的推理。此题是文章某个具体事实涵盖的意思做出正确的推理判断，因此需要大家在考查具体选项之前认真细读题干中所提到的 ―the story of an old Finnish woman‖所在的段落，即文章的首段。虽然首段是该题的出处，但是除了考查本段以外，还需要考查紧接着的下一段，即文章的第二段。通过细读可以概括出该段讲述的是一个芬兰老妇人不知道她所使用的新技术到底有怎样的功能，再看第二段的首句（原文蓝色划线部分）则是一个承上启下的句子“无论你是否愿意承认这个新技术，我们很多人都像那个芬兰老妇人一样”，紧接着得出结论“当因特网初应用于手机时，我们多数人没有意识到我们手上所拥有的性能和力量”，这也是作者讲述芬兰老妇人故事的目的，所以此题应该是选择C选项。
在解推理题时，大家一定要注意，无论是对整篇文章意思的推理判断还是对某个具体细节的推理判断，都不能脱离原文，不能凭自己的主观意愿来选择,但是答案也不会在原文中明明白白地写出来，只能是隐含其中，也就是“言中所无，意中所有”，否则就不叫推理题了。
4. We can infer from the passage that the mobile Internet is different from the previous Internet in that the former ______.
A. can be accessed by desktop computers B. has no need for wire appliances
C. can be used to book a table in a restaurant D. is equipped with speech recognition systems
【题解】此题属于推理题，是对具体某个细节的推理。根据题干中―in that‖可以得知是要推断手机因特网不同于以前的因特网的原因。在文章的第三段的首句提及了 ―mobile Internet‖，因此此题的答案应该在该段寻找，再看该段的第二句指出“下一个合理的举措就是离开台式电脑或笔
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记本电脑时还可以访问因特网”；第四段首句又紧接着说明“无限设备的热门技术叫无线应用协议”，由此可以推断mobile Internet是指不需要有线设备就可以上网。选项A，C，D都是表述的是关于无线网络的具体应用，但是A选项是错误的表述，原文没有提及，所以正确选项为B选项。
例5（选自《大学英语》(A) Test 4, Part2, P. 78）
Castles were brought to Britain by William the Conqueror, when he invaded in 1066 from his homeland in France. One of the most powerful ways for William to take control of his new kingdom, which included England, Scotland and Wales, was to have castles built throughout the land. At first, he ordered the construction of very simple castles, called motte and bailey castles.
These early castles of an earthen mound, topped by a tower built of wood. The bailey was a large area of land enclosed by a shorter fence. Inside the bailey were the main activities of the castle, such as workshops, stables and livestock, household activities, etc., while the tower on the tower on the motte was used as the lord’s residence and as an observation post. Before long, the earthen castles were replaced by the stone castles, which were much sturdier, did not rot like wood, and also were much more able to withstand any attack by an invader.
From the 11th to 13th centuries the stone castles were booming. They were not just used by the king. Most castles, in fact, were granted by a king to their most loyal knights or barons who fought bravely in battle and supported their king. The king, starting with William the Conqueror, gave his loyal knights vast estates and permission to build castles. In return, he expected these men to control their lands as the king’s representative, to keep the local population from rebelling, and to force them to work and pay rent to the lord, who then passed it onto the king. These knights and barons built castles almost everywhere in Britain, served to strike fear into the local peoples, and to symbolize their power and wealth.
By the 15th century the stone castles began declining. For the one thing, military necessity changed in Great Britain. There was less emphasis placed on defense and more on comfort. Earlier stone houses were gradually modified, or abandoned completely and replaced by great houses of a richer and more relaxed style. The development of firearms and the increasing use of gunpowder, for the other one, also ended the castle’s endurance. Despite their decline, many wealthy families of the 18th and 19th centuries fed their passions by naming their newly built houses, ―castle‖. This ill-formed romanticism had its valuable side, which eventually led to concreted efforts to preserve and restore many ruined castles. Even today, centuries after they were active in British history, the castles of Britain have established themselves firmly in the national and international mindset. Castles have demonstrated not only the exchanges of the majesty, power and wealth of their noble builders, but also the rise and set of British Empire.
10. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. People doesn’t like the castles any more. B. Much more new castles are being built.
C. The castles are the most famous buildings in Britain. D. The castles still have their reputation in the world.
【题解】此题为正误判断题。题干要求是要根据文章的内容，选择选项的表述内容是正确的一个，因此这就要求大家在浏览原文的过程中要找到与四个选项所表述的内容相关的语句。通过
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两处划线部分为10小题解题之关键句。