17. Such was Pompeii on its last day. And so it is today, now that the volcanic ash has been cleared away.
18. Houses and clothes must be cleaned more frequently.
19. Born in 1879, in Uln, Germany, Einstein was two years old when his parents moved to Munich. There his father opened a business in electrical supplies.
20. The Academy of Science was closed to him; his house was searched for weapons; he lost his professorship; all his property was seized; and finally his German citizenship was taken away.
21. When the oil is heated, the first vapours to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol.
22. He emptied out all his pockets onto the table.
23. Part of the old wall fell on the workman, and it took half an hour to free him.
24. The wet clothes will soon dry in the sun. 25. I know my friends from the feel of their faces. 26. But I cannot really picture their personalities by touch.
27. I will try to explain to you what has given rise to these slanders and given me a bad name.
28. And Fabin gave him an appealing look.
29. Rex could hold a baseball with ease in his mouth in one cheek, as if it were a chew of tobacco.
30. That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. 31. To protect the whale from the cold of the arctic seas, nature has provided it with a thick covering of fat called blubber.
32. No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated. 33. Then, all of a sudden, it seemed to start off. 34. There is no alternative for this.
35. But how could a busy person get the better of one who had nothing to do?
36. It includes land with enough soil and enough rain-fall or water, and enough heat, which, at present, we are not using.
37. We pass from one form of activity to another; one we call work, and for that we receive pay; the other we call play, and for that we receive no pay --- on the contrary, we probably pay a subscription. Chapter 4 True or false judgement:
1. Shortening is one of the three major processes of word formation in English.
2. Back formation may be applied to every word that has a suffix. 3. Words created through back-formation are mostly nouns. 4. Most of the blends are verbs.
5. Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word.
6. Clipping, a way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and adding a new part to the original. 7. Words formed through acronymy are called initialisms or acronyms, depending on the spelling of the new words.
8. Back formation is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.
9. Motel is formed through clipping. Blank-filling:
1. is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation. 2. The word ―autocide‖ and ―telex‖ are formed by . 3. are those created by clipping part of a word, leaving only a piece of the old word.
4. are words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as letters. are words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as words. Choose the best answer:
1.Initialisms can be divided into alphabetisms and acronyms depending on .
A. the grammatical function C. the spelling way
B. the pronunciation of the words D. none of the above
2. Word formation excludes . A. affixation and compounding
B. conversion and shortening
C. back formation and blending D. repetition and alliteration
3. Back formation is considered to be the opposite process of . A. prefixation
B. suffixation
C. conversion
D.compounding
4. Back formation is the method of creating words by the supposed suffixes. A. removing
B. shortening
C. adding
D. writing
5. The overwhelming majority of blends are . A. verbs
B. nouns
C. adjectives
D. adverbs
What do the short forms stand for？ kg ft. cf. cm $
ibid etc. VIP OPEC TOEFL IELTS
GRE BEC
keys: kg—kilogram ft.—foot cf.—confer cm—centimeter $—dollar ibid—ibidem etc.—et cetera VIP--very important person
OPEC--Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries TOEFL--Test of English as a Foreign Language
IELTS --- the International English Language Testing System GRE--- Graduate Record Examination BEC---Cambridge Business English Certificate
List as many shortening in daily life as possible, e.g. the shortening of month names, of the seven days in a week, etc.
Choose words from among the following list to fill in the blanks. SALT laser radar sonar AIDS WHO G-man BASIC
a.There was a wide coverage of the _________ talks in the press. b.There are enemy aircraft on the _________ screen. c._________ is still an incurable disease.
d.If one knows _________ language, one will find it easy to learn how to use computers.
e._________ has long been applied to surgery in medicine.
f._________ is an international agency of the United Nations which is concerned with improving health standards and services throughout the world.
g.Passive _________ listens for noises emanating from a submarine. h.The person who works for the Federal Bureau of Investigation is called a _________.
Keys:a. SALT b. radar c. AIDS d. BASIC e. laser f. WHO g. sonar h. G-man
Read some English newspapers and collect as many instances of blended words as possible.
Give the original words from which the following words are back-formed.
lase emote babysit beg orate drowse