英译汉部分
1. Pollution
1) Pollution is a problem because man, in an increasingly populated and industrialized world, is upsetting the environment in which he lives. 2) Many scientists maintain that one of man’s greatest errors has been to equate growth with advancement. 3) Now “growth” industries are being looked on with suspicion in case their side effects damage the environment and disrupt the relationship of different forms of life. 4) The growing population makes increasing demands on the world’s fixed supply of air, water and land. 5) This rise in population is accompanied by the desire of more and more people for a better standard of living. 6) Thus still greater demands for electricity, water and goods result in an ever increasing amount of waste material to be disposed of. 7) The problem has been causing increasing concern to living things and their environment. 8) Many believe that man is not solving these problems quickly enough and that his selfish pursuit of possessions takes him past the point of no return before he fully appreciates the damage.
2．Intelligent Test
1) There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term “intelligence” than there is on how to interpret or classify them（还原性增补）. （分译法） 2) But it is generally agreed （改为主动句）that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily, make distinctions, reason logically, and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems（调整语序）. 3) An intelligence test is a rough measure （转译成动词）of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. 4) It （还原性增补）does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. 5) It is not supposed—it was（语言结构增补） not designed for such purposes. 6) To criticize it（还原性增补）for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity. 7) Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects （确定词义）provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison（分译法）.
3. Problem with Educational System
1) There are 39 universities and colleges offering degree courses in Geography, but I have never seen any good jobs for Geography graduates advertised. 2) Or am I alone in suspecting that they will return to teach Geography to another set of students, who in turn will teach more Geography undergraduates? 3) Only ten universities currently offer degree courses in Aeronautical Engineering, which perhaps is just as well, in view of the speed with which the aircraft industry has been dispensing with excess personnel. 4) On the other hand, hospital casualty departments throughout the country are having to close down because of the lack of doctors. 5) The reason? University medical schools can only find places for half of those who apply. 6) It seems to me that time is ripe for the Department of Employment and the Department of Education to get together with the universities and produce a revised educational system that will make a more economic use of the wealth of talent, application and industry currently being wasted on diplomas and degrees that no one wants to know about.
[注释]
dispense with v. 裁减人员
the Department of Employment 就业部 the Department of Education 教育部
4. Key to Success in Business
1) Every successful business is built on superior senses—of timing, opportunity, responsibility, and, not infrequently, humor. 2) None, however, is more critical than the ability to sense the market. 3) A senior executive’s instinctive capacity to empathize with and gain insights from customers is the single most important skill he or she can use to direct technologies, product and service offerings, indeed, all elements of a company’s strategic posture. 4) People like Bill Gates brought this ability to the enterprises they founded. 5) Without it, their ventures might have been short-lived or at least far less successful. 6) But many top-level mangers, particularly those at industrial companies, consider customer contact the bailiwick of sales and marketing staff. 7) And even if they do believe that market focus is a priority, most retain only limited contact with consumers as their organizations grow, relying instead on subordinates’ reports—second-or-third-hand information—to define and sense the market for them.
[注释]
Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨，美国微软公司董事长
bailiwick 工作，事