61. D 第一段提到Sean MeCallum正在等待可供移植的心脏，等不到的话他就会面临死亡。因为there just aren't enough human organs to go around. 没有足够的人体器官够分配使用。go round够许多人用，足够分配。
62. A 第三段提到…has stirred up strong opposition among animal fight activists. They protest that the whole idea of using animal organs is cruel and unjust…这激起了动物保护主义者的强烈反对，他们认为利用动物器官是残忍和不公平的。即动物保护主义者认为利用动物器官的行为是不人道的。inhumanity不人道，残暴。
63. C 第四段提到有些人认为移植动物心脏是不必要的，他们提出了许多更好的解决办法，如：health education programs，improve artificial organs，encourage more people to donate their organs等。因此C项正确。alternative可供选择的解决办法(或方案)，变通办法。 64. B 文章最后一段提到鼓励更多的人捐献他们的器官是一个更好的解决方案，If enough people were educated about organ donations，everyone who needed an organ could be taken off the waiting list in a year. 如果足够的人接受了关于捐献器官的教育，每一个需要器官移植的人都会在一年内得到满足。这与B项说法吻合，现今人体器官的供应仍有扩展的潜力。
65. D 关于解决人体器官供应不足的问题，本文否决了移植动物器官的方法，同时提供了许多更好的切实可行的方案。本文包含的信息是实际可行的。 Passage Two
66. B 首段提到21世纪全球健康的一个巨大讽刺是：While many hundreds of millions of people lack adequate food…many hundreds of millions more are overweight…当数亿的人缺乏足够的食物时，更多的人正过于肥胖。B项说法与之吻合：食物消费的供应不足与过剩。 67. B 第二段开始提到要解决肥胖流行症就必须先应对其根本原因。Overweight comes from consuming more food energy than is expended in activity. The cause of this imbalance…超重是由于摄入的食物能量超出了在活动中消耗的能量。而这是一种不平衡(imbalance)。因此B项正确。
68. A 第二段提到第二个讽刺是improved prosperity。People use extra income to eat more and be less physically active. 人们花费额外的收入更多地吃，更少地活动。换句话说就是人们越富裕越肥胖。所以A项正确。affluence富裕。obesity肥胖，肥胖症。
69. D 第三段提到第三个讽刺是food is so overproduced in many countries。Overabundant food forces companies to compete for sales through…Food marketing promotes weight gain. 食品过量迫使企业为提高销售额而竞争。食品的这种市场营销策略促进了人们体重的增长。 70. C 本文提到的食品制造业是经济方面；employ armies of Lobbyists to discourage governments(文章最后一句)是政治方面：人们吃的越来越多，变得越来越胖是饮食方面。只有C项未提及。humane人文的。 Passage Three
71. C 调查者主要探讨女性喜欢什么样的男性面貌，即女性对男性的视觉偏爱。 72. C 第三段提到The women preferred images with more masculine features when they were in the fertile phase of their menses. 当女性在可孕期时他们钟爱更具有男性特征的脸貌。fertile phase可孕期。menses月经期。conception受精。
73. D 第四段提到女性对男性相貌的选择与她们寻求的kind of relationship有关系，下一段提到这在对英国女性的调查中很明显：选择短期恋爱伙伴时她们更喜欢有男性特征的脸貌；在选择长期恋爱伙伴时则更喜欢有女性面貌特征的男性。
74. B 文章最后一句提到He cautions，however，that research hasn't yet shown a link between a woman's preferences in such tests and her actual behavior. 调查并没有显示女性在这
种实验中的选择倾向与她们的实际行为有联系，即这并不意味着女性在现实生活中会这样做。
75. A 本文主讲女性对男性面貌的选择以及其影响因素。 Passage Four
76. B 第二段提到One team from Bristol宣称他们有证据可以解释输电线可以怎样致癌，但紧接着another group in London公布了他们的研究结果：这没什么可担心的。这两种矛盾的说法只能导致人们的困惑。题干中的两个问题正是他们困惑的表现。bewilderment 迷惑，困惑，糊涂。Power lines输电线。
77. B 第三段作者对Bristol team的研究结果提出了质疑：The extra exposure to pollution for a child living near power lines would be tiny，and it is not obvious why radon…would cause leukemia in children. 额外接受污染对生活在输电线附近的孩子的影响是微小的，氡会导致儿童患白血病的原因也不明显。即作者认为第一组研究，也就是Bristol team的研究是无意义的。 78. C 第四段提到第二组研究failed to find a link between childhood cancers and magnetic helds of the sort produced by power lines and electrical appliances. 他们找不到儿童期癌症与输电线和电气设备产牛的磁场之间的联系。这就暗示着不必担心输电线会产生什么危害。 79. D 第七段提到Pedants(书呆了)would conclude that it doesn't. 即Pedants对英国的研究提出质疑，排除A项。山文章最后一段可看出作者对英国的研究持肯定态度，排除B 项。第七段还提到一个更受关注的问题是英国的调查是否会为像美国这些输电线输送的电流更大，因此也就会产生更高的电磁场的国家提供all-clear signal，但作者对此 问题并没有给出明确的回答，因此C项说法错误。由第七段最后一句话But these counties will not have long to wait for answers from a major Japanese study. 可推知答案选 D项。
80. A 最后一段作者提到英国最新的关于流行病学的研究可以作为此问题的结论。如果电磁场能增加致癌的危险性，那我们现在也可以肯定这种增加小到无法衡量的程度。即作者确信英国的最新调查的可靠性。 Passage Five
81. A 文章第二段第一句提到了Skin stays healthy and young-looking because of a fine balance between two processes that are constantly at work. 即皮肤不断地进行着新陈代谢，故保持健康和年轻的状态。 82. D文章第二段提到：MMP是分解老化皮肤的，文章第三段提到\，they first made a solution of cigarette smoke…”结果在第四段中提到“…Morita found that cells exposed to cigarette smoke had produced far more MMP than normal skin cells. ”也就是说吸烟会产生更多的MMP分解皮肤组织，故加速皮肤老化，故选项D正确。
83. B 文章第三段提到了将tiny drops of this smoke solution滴到dishes of human fibroblasts正面，即选项B所说的“用烟去污染皮肤细胞”，故选B项。
84. C 文章倒数第三段提到：Morita说collagen老化快而产生的又少，所以causes premature skin ageing in smokers，即吸烟会导致皮肤衰老加快，选项C正确。
85. D 文章倒数第二段提到Morita不知道if this is the whole story of why smokers have more wrinkles. 但他决定进一步研究smokers and non-smokers of various ages to see if the smoking has the same effect on collagen. 所以选项D“他的发现需要在人体里进行进一步的验证。”是正确的。 Passage Six
86. A 文章第一段提到了For me it has been a journey…as an inexperienced consumer，故本题A选项正确。
87. A 文章第一段提到了Dad never has been “Harold” except to those who really don't
know him. 而. Harold是他的姓，Dad只有在不认识他的人叫姓时能接受，除此之外，都叫Jack。 88. C 文章没有提到Dad的physician是无礼的，故选项A不正确。选项B和D也没有在文中提到。而文章最后一段提到了With so much at risk，he faced this life-threatening hallenge in a city far away from his home and Mends and in a place where he is greeted as “Harold. ”为了以后能好好照顾家人，Dad决定在一个远离家人朋友的地方做手术那里的人不认识他，所以会叫他的姓。虽然他不喜欢别人叫他的姓，但是他仍然愿意去。故选项C“他接受别人叫他的姓”是正确的。
89. C A 选项“叫什么就是什么”跟文章无关，B选项“没人爱被叫Harold”也跟本文无关，D选项“在医院里不能叫病人的first name”，这也没有硬性规定的。故选项C“病人想让你怎么叫他你就怎么叫他”更合理。
90. A 因为文章最后一段提到了Jack同意做危险的手术at his advanced age是因为his wife and sisters still need his protective support，可知Jack是个很负责的人，故作者对他是很尊敬的。 PAPER TWO
Part Ⅴ Writing(20%) 摘要范文：
Cherish Your Heart; Cherish Your Life
With the development of economy, due to unhealthy lifestyle, chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases and tumor have become the Number One Killer of our health. Recently there have been more and more sudden deaths, most of which are caused by myocardial infarction. Unlike what people usually think, myocardial infarction isn't only the \
People, especially those white collars, cadres and elites, die of those diseases because they're ignorant of the danger of the unhealthy lifestyle and they don't take good care of themselves. Those born in the 1950s benefit from the rapid economic development, but they also suffer a lot from high blood pressure, diabetes and obesity. Unhealthy lifestyle serves as catalyst for them to suffer from cardiovascular diseases.
Unhealthy-lifestyle-caused cardiovascular diseases are a hidden killer. In most cases, the first time a person has the disease, it' s myocardial infarction, which more often results in sudden death. The biggest worry is that those white collars, cadres and elites don't know that they are of the high risk group.
Though they're dangerous, the cardiovascular diseases are preventable as long as we live a healthy life. Keep away from cigarettes, don't eat too much, walk more, and you will keep a slim figure and enjoy a quality life. 解析：
题目要求对这篇中文文章进行概括总结，并用英文写出来：在摘要概括时应该涵盖以下这几点：原文的要点在于介绍心血管疾病产生的原因(unhealthy lifestyle)、发展方向(more and more young sufferers)、高危人群(white collars. cadres and elites)、该疾病的高致命性(sudden death)以及应当采取的预防措施(healthy lifestyle). 文海拾贝：
慢性疾病chronic disease
心血管疾病cardiovascular disease 心肌梗塞myocardial infarction
2009年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题
Paper One
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (30%)
Section A
Directions: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be road only once. After you hear the question, read the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example. You will hear:
Woman: I feel faint.
Man: No wonder. You haven't had a bite all day. Question: What's the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick.
B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry.
D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the fight answer.
Sample Answer
A B C D Now let's begin with question Number 1. 1. A. John failed the exam. B. John didn't take the exam.
C. John passed the exam, but scored low. D. It took John a long time to pass the exam 2. A. To travel by train. B. To go by Taxi. C. To go hiking. D. To rent a car. 3. A. 1-231-555-1212. B. 1-213-555-2112. C. 1-213-555-1212. D. 1-231-555-2112. 4. A. Morning sickness. B. A frequent headache. C. A pain in her fight leg. D. A boring hospitalization. 5. A. Doctor and patient. B. BOSS and secretary. C. Agent and customer. D. Driver and passenger. 6. A. To buy another pair of shoes. B. To help his brother right away. C. To turn to his brother for help. D. To seek advice from the woman. 7. A. He is offering a piece of advice. B. He is examining a patient. C. He is attending his daughter. D. He is taking a patient's history. 8. A. To ask the man to call her back. B. To go to the botanic garden. C. To do some gardening. D. To play tennis. 9. A. Louise is not a new comer. B. Louise loves being a nurse. C. Louise did a lot of work for the man, D. Louise has been waiting for a long time 10. A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Seven. 11. A. She has thrown out of the car. B. She was knocked down by the car, C. She hit her head on the steering wheel. D. She got the steering wheel in her chest
12. A. She overacted to the man. B. She cried over her failure. C. She made a success of her diet. D. She was jealous of the man. 13. A. He hates those who fool around. B. He will never try the stuff. C. He will shoot any drug dealer. D. He regrets having tried the stuff. 14. A. The opposite to the man's expectation. B. A quicker recovery than expected. C. A pair of mismatching boots. D. Her healthy pregnancy. 15. A. He will do as requested. B. He will not join the team. C. The woman is crazy about him. D. The woman has trouble standing. Section B
Directions: In this section you will hear one dialogue and two passages. After each one, you hear five questions. After each question, read the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Dialogue
16. A. For the purpose of diagnosis confirmation. B. For the possibility of legal trouble.
C. For the doctor's investigation. D. For the patient's future use.
17. A. He has got cancer in his pancreas. B. He falls with a stomach problem. C. He suffers from fatigue. D. He has a loss of weight. 18. A. See a dietician. B. Have an operation.
C. Start chemotherapy. D. Take medication for pain relieve. 19. A. A couple of years. B. More than 5 years. C. A couple of months. D. Approximately 5 years. 20. A. Suspicious. B. Anxious. C. Hesitant. D. Factual. Passage One
21. A. Life evolution. B. Space exploration,
C. Extraterrestrial life. D. Unknown flying objects. 22. A. His 50th birthday. B. NASA's 50th anniversary.
C. The University's 50th anniversary.
D. The US Cosmology Association's 50th Anniversary.
23. A. Even primitive life is impossible. B. Intelligent life is fairly common. C. Intelligent life is less likely. D. Any form of life is possible. 24. A. Nuclear weapons. B. Alien kidnapping. C. Human extinction. D. Dangerous infection. 25. A. Ironic. B. Negative. C. Indifferent. D. Supportive. Passage Two
26. A. Obese people need more food. B. Obese people require more fuel.
C. Obesity contributes to global warming. D. Obesity is growing as a global phenomenon. 27. A. Limited living space, B. Crowded shopping malls.
C. Food shortage and higher energy prices.
D. Incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. 28. A. Over 700 millions. B. Over 400 millions.