成都电子机械高等专科学校成教院
毕 业 设 计（论 文）
论文题目： 轴类零件的加工工艺分析及夹具设计
教 学 点： 重庆科创职业学院
指导老师： 金 江 职 称： 讲师
学生姓名： 徐 涛 学 号: 2008408847
专 业： 机电一体化技术
成都电子机械高等专科学校成教院制
年 月 日
1
摘 要
轴类零件是机器中经常遇到的典型零件之一。它在机械中主要用于支承齿轮、凸轮以及连杆等传动件，按照结构类型不同，轴可以分为很多种如：阶梯轴、锥度心轴、空心轴、凸轮轴等，轴的长径比小于5的称为短轴，大于20的称为细长轴，大多数轴介于两者之间，轴用轴承支承，与轴承配合的轴段称为轴颈。轴颈是轴的装配基准，它们的精度和表面质量一般要求较高。根据零件的结构类型、及其功能，运用定位夹紧的知识从而完成了夹具设计。
关键词：轴类零件、轴颈、夹具
1
Abstract
Shaft parts is often met one of the typical parts of the machine. It is mainly used for supporting in mechanical gear, CAM and connecting rod drive parts, according to the different structure types, the shaft can be divided into many kinds, such as:, taper spindle ladder shaft, hollow shaft, camshaft, axis length to diameter ratio less than 5 called short shaft, called the slender shaft is greater than 20, mostly a number line somewhere in between, shaft bearings, and bearing fit of the shaft segment called the journal. Journal is shaft assembly benchmark, they have higher precision and surface quality of the general requirements. Depending on the type of structure parts, and its function, and using positioning clamping fixture design knowledge to completed.
Key words：Shaft, journal, fixtures
1
目录
第一章 轴类零件技术要求 ............................................................................................................. 1
一、尺寸精度 ........................................................................................................................... 1 二、几何形状精度 ................................................................................................................... 1 三、 相互位置精度 ................................................................................................................. 1 四、表面粗糙度 ....................................................................................................................... 1 第二章 轴类零件的毛胚和材料 ..................................................................................................... 2
第一节 轴类零件的选材 ......................................................................................................... 2 第二节 轴类零件的切削用量选择 ......................................................................................... 2 第三章 轴类零件一般加工要求及方法 ......................................................................................... 3
第一节 轴类零件加工工艺规程 ............................................................................................. 3 第二节 轴类零件加工注意事项 ............................................................................................. 3 第三节轴类零件加工的技术要求 ........................................................................................... 4 第四章 轴类零件工艺路线 ............................................................................................................. 5
一、传承轴图样分析 ............................................................................................................... 6 二、确定毛坯 ........................................................................................................................... 7 三、 确定主要表面的加工方法 ............................................................................................. 7 四、确定定位基准 ................................................................................................................... 7 五、划分阶段 ........................................................................................................................... 7 六、热处理工序安排 ............................................................................................................... 8 七、加工尺寸和切削用量 ....................................................................................................... 8 八、 拟定工艺过程 ................................................................................................................. 8 第五章 细长轴加工工艺特点 ......................................................................................................... 9
一、 改进工件的装夹方法 ..................................................................................................... 9 二、采用跟刀架 ....................................................................................................................... 9 三、采用反向进给 ................................................................................................................... 9 四、采用车削细长轴的车刀 ................................................................................................... 9 第六章 夹具的设计 ....................................................................................................................... 10
第一节 铣床夹具设计 ........................................................................................................... 10
一、六点定位原理 ......................................................................................................... 11 二、应用定位原理几种情况 ......................................................................................... 11 （1）完全定位 ............................................................................................................... 11 （2）部分定位 ............................................................................................................... 11 （3）过定位（重复定位） ........................................................................................... 11 三、确定要限制的自由度 ............................................................................................. 12 四、定位方案选择 ......................................................................................................... 12 五、计算定位误差 ......................................................................................................... 13 （1）夹紧方案 ............................................................................................................... 14 （2）对刀方案 ............................................................................................................... 14 （3）夹具体与定位键 ................................................................................................... 14 （4）夹具总图上的尺寸、公差和技术要求 ............................................................... 14 （5）夹具精度分析 ....................................................................................................... 15 第二节 各类铣床夹具 ........................................................................................................... 16
1
一、铣床夹具 ................................................................................................................. 16 （1）铣床夹具的分类 ................................................................................................... 16 （2）铣床常用通用夹具的结构 ................................................................................... 16 （3）铣床夹具的设计特点 ........................................................................................... 16 二、典型数控机床夹具 ................................................................................................. 17 1、数控铣床夹具 ........................................................................................................... 18 2、数控铣削加工常用的夹具大致有以下几种： ......................................................... 9
结束语............................................................................................................................................. 20 谢 词 ........................................................................................................................................... 21 参考文献 ......................................................................................................................................... 22
2