[0859]《跨文化交际》
第1批
[填空题]10. Like the Japanese, the Chinese also prefer written ______ that would
appear too general to American or French negotiators.
参考答案：10. agreements
[填空题]9. The differences in feminine and masculine styles of
communication frequently lead to in cross-gender interaction. 参考答案：9. gender
[填空题]8. Edward Hall alerts us to the invisible aspects of culture and nonverbal communication, which he calls as \ language” and \dimension”. 参考答案：8. silent
[填空题]7. People from cultures schedule several activities at the same time, and time for them is more flexible and more human-centered. 参考答案：7. P-time
[填空题]6. communication expresses meaning or feeling without words.
参考答案：6. Nonverbal
[填空题]5. Beauty is only _____ deep. 参考答案：5. skin
[填空题]4. Understanding and appreciation of differences among cultures in cognitive processing and problem solving is a major step toward successful ______ communication.
参考答案：4. intercultural
[填空题]3. There is nothing more embarrassing than one's compliments hurting others _____ to different cultural values.
参考答案：3. due
[填空题]2. The purpose of the greeting is to ______ social contact, not to transfer
information.
参考答案：4. establish
[填空题]1. In daily verbal communication, there are many _____ ways one must observe in order to maintain smooth cross-cultural interaction. 参考答案：1. routine
[判断题]10. High uncertainty and anxiety hinder effective intercultural communication to a different extent.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]9. The Eastern view of the universe is characteristically dualistic, materialistic,
and lifeless while the Western view is profoundly holistic, dynamic, and spiritual.
参考答案：错误
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[判断题]8. Due to the cultural differences, interpreting in intercultural encounters is
possible but difficult.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]7. Cultural differences can generate positive impacts on negotiation as people can
learn from each other.
参考答案：错误 [判断题]
6. A lady might be feminine, masculine or a combination of both.
参考答案：正确 [判断题]
1) 5. Environment is one of the five study areas that nonverbal communication covers.
参考答案：正确
[判断题]4. \龙” to the Chinese. 参考答案：错误 [判断题]
3. Sometimes the Chinese way of showing modesty must be considered as fishing for compliments.
参考答案：正确 [判断题]
2. All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which politeness is ` achieved may vary significantly.
参考答案：正确 [判断题]
1. All people of the same nationality will have the same culture.
参考答案：错误 第2批 [论述题]
Define the following terms:
1. Nonverbal communication 2. Body language/Kinesics 3. world view
4. the Judeo-Christian tradition
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5. knowledge 6. stereotype
参考答案：
1. Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in the exchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation or context.
2. Body language refers to the meaning representing devices as facial expressions and eye behaviors, gestures, and postures.
3. A comprehensive world view (or worldview) is the fundamental
cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing natural philosophy; fundamental existential and normative postulates; or themes, values, emotions, and ethics
4. Judeo?Christian (sometimes written as Judaeo?Christian) refers to a set of beliefs and ethics held in common by Judaism and Christianity. It is a common term in American cultural and political rhetoric. 5. Knowledge is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as (i) expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject; (ii) what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information; or (iii)
awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation. 6. A stereotype or \specific social groups or types of individuals. The concepts of \and \are often confused with many other different meanings. Stereotypes are standardized and simplified conceptions of groups based on some prior assumptions.
第3批 [论述题]
Define the following terms.
1. nonverbal communication 2. culture shock 3. gender
4. stereotype 5. body language
参考答案：
1.
Nonverbal communication is the process by which nonverbal behaviors are used, either singly or in combination with verbal behaviors, in the
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exchange and interpretation of messages within a given situation or context. 2.
Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. The main cause of culture shock is displacement from our \common experiences and familiar surroundings creates varying degrees of consequences. 3.
Gender and sex are not synonymous. Sex is determined by genetics and biology, while gender is produced and reproduced by society. Societies create meanings of gender; in turn, individuals become gendered as they embody social prescriptions in their personal identities. 4.
Stereotype is a complex form of categorization that mentally organizes our experiences and guides our behavior toward a particular group of people. There are a number of reasons that stereotypes, as a form of classification, hamper intercultural communication. 5.
Body language refers to the meaning representing devices as facial expressions and eye behaviors, gestures, and postures.
[论述题]
Analyze the following cases，and then answer the given questions.
Case 1
How would you explain the Director's behavior toward Katherine? How would you make the Director understand why Katherine felt frustrated and angry? Katherine came to Beijing in 1998 and found a job as an English teacher in a foreign language institute. Soon after her classes began, she found that her students showed no interest in her teaching style. Quite a few of them avoided attending her class. She was feeling quite upset and discouraged so she decided to ask the Director, Prof. Wang reviewed his timetable and suggested they meet at ten o` clock on Thursday morning. When Thursday came, Katherine arrived at Prof. Wang` office at the exactly ten o` clock finding him talking with another teacher in Chinese. Seeing that she had come, Prof. Wang smiled and gestured her to sit down. Katherine sat down and the professor excused himself and continued to talk with the other teacher. After five minutes, he finished his
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conversation, and apologized to Katherine, and began to focus his attention on her situation. Prof. Wang showed great concern and asked her what the problem was. Just as she was discussing her problem, another Chinese teacher interrupted, with a form that required the Director` s signature. The Director smiled, apologized to Katherine again, and turned to talk with the Chinese teacher in Chinese. Katherine became impatient, and wondered why their discussion should be interrupted since she had made an appointment. Also, she was upset and frustrated that they continued to speak Chinese in front of her. Although their talk continued, she was apparently unhappy about what had happened. Case 2
Why does Jay refuse to ask his professor or classmen to clarify the directions for his paper?
Jay is having difficulty in writing a paper for his communication class, because he's not sure what the professor wants. When he mentions this to his friend Ellen, she suggests he ask the professor or a classmen to clarify directions. Jay refuses, saying \can figure it out on my own”.
参考答案：
2. In this case, Jay's unwillingness to ask others for help in
understanding his assignment is a sign of his masculine emphasis on independence. As some scholars point out rather humorously, men
invariably resist asking directions when they are lost in the road while women do not hesitate to ask strangers for help. What we have discussed about gender identity help us understand this difference. Because women initially develop identity within the first relationships have an
undertone of danger-they could jeopardize independence. So Jay's refusal to ask others for help reflects the masculine emphasis on maintaining autonomy and not appearing weak or incompetent. Unless Ellen realizes this difference between them, Jay's behavior will continue to baffle her.)
[填空题]
10. One of the most fundamental ways culture shapes our being is through
explicit and implicit ________ about our relationship to the nature of the universe and to the non-human natural world.
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参考答案：10. teachings
[填空题]9. Native speakers need to admit that difficulty in understanding _______ also
occurs among native speakers and reminds non-native speakers to be open about explanations given. 参考答案：9. humor
[填空题]
8. The American _______ is to conduct business in an efficient manner,
while compromises may be part of the outcome.
参考答案： 8. norm
[填空题]7. The differences in feminine and masculine styles of communication
frequently lead to ________in cross-gender interaction. 参考答案：7. misunderstanding
[填空题]
6. communication expresses meaning or feeling without words.
参考答案：6. Nonverbal [填空题]
5. Understanding and appreciation of differences among cultures in cognitive processing and problem solving is a major step toward successful ______ communication.
参考答案： 5. intercultural
[填空题]4. Compliments and compliment responses are an _______ part of daily verbal
communication. 参考答案：4. essential
[填空题]3. Being unaware of the difference, intercultural communication ______ occurs here and there. 参考答案：3. breakdown
[填空题]
2. When communicating with each other, each person ___________ and sends messages, and in turn receives and decodes messages.
参考答案：2. encodes [填空题]
1. Intercultural competence requires sufficient knowledge, suitable _______, and skilled actions.
参考答案：1. motivations
[单选题]10. The Chinese phrase \知识分子” has the same meaning as \ A：T B：F
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