备 课 纸 任教课程：《综合英语》（二） 年 月 日
4.2.1.1 Recognize and underline expressions of contrast in these sentences.
1. …the earl is cruel and the anaconda isn’t; and that the earl wantonly destroys what he had no use for, but the anaconda doesn’t. (para. 3)
2. The higher animals engage in individual fights, but never in organized masses. (para. 10) 3. So the richest 20% of the world’s population consumes the lion’s share of resources, while the poorest 80% have to get by on the crumbs. (para. 22, Unit 8) 4. I was an atheist at the time. And she was a Methodist. (para. 26, Unit 1) 5. That had been a placid pastime compared to his digging now. (para. 30, Unit 12, Book 3) 6. Maybe not. On the other hand, you may turn out to be the one man hidden away who will bring merriment to the tired old human heart. (para. 7, Unit 16, Book 2)
7. Unlike most men he knew, he really pitched in on the housework. (para. 1, Unit 2, Book 2) 8. Yet love is better than life, and what is the heart of a bird compared to the heart of a man? (para. 27, Unit 5, Book 1)
9. For its part, nature cared nothing about the five passengers. Our man, on the other hand, cared totally. (para. 7, Unit 6, Book 2)
4.2.2 Study and analyze the grammatical structure of these involved sentences.
1. The facts stood proven that the difference between an earl and an anaconda is that the earl is cruel and the anaconda isn’t; and that the earl wantonly destroys what he had no use for, but the anaconda doesn’t. This seemed to suggest that the anaconda was not descended from the earl. (para. 3)
1. This is a complex sentence.
Main clause: The facts stood proven (subject +link verb + predicative) Subordinate clauses:
Two appositive clauses that clarify the subject of the main clause “the fact.”
1) that the earl is cruel and the anaconda isn’t (made up of two coordinate clauses)
2) that the earl wantonly destroys what he had no use for, but the anaconda doesn’t (made up of
two coordinate clauses)
The second appositive clause contains a what-clause – what he had no use for – functioning as the object of the verb “destroys.”
2. He is the only animal that for sordid wages will march out, as the Hessians did in our Revolution, and help to slaughter strangers of his own species who have done him no harm and with whom he has no quarrel. (para. 10) 2. This is a complex sentence.
Main clause: He is the only animal
Subordinate clause: the rest of the sentence (a relative clause) In the relative clause:
Subject: that (relative pronoun)
Predicate verb: “will march out” and “(will) help to slaughter” Other modifiers:
1) as the Hessians did in our Revolution (adverbial modifying the verb “will march out”) 2) who have done him no harm (relative clause modifying “strangers of his own species”)
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备 课 纸 任教课程：《综合英语》（二） 年 月 日
3) (with) whom he has no quarrel (relative clause also modifying “strangers of his own species”) The preposition phrase “for sordid wages” is used as an adverbial of purpose modifying both “will march out” and “(will) help slaughter.”
Part Five Extension
5.1 Group discussion
1. Do you believe it possible to frighten in order to enlighten? Do you think it important for human beings to be keenly aware of their inborn weaknesses?
2. Why can’t we identify the nice people, entrust all the money and power to them and let them rule the rest of the people forever?
3. Can we shield young people from all evils so that they will never be badly influenced?
4. Are we really as bad as Twain said we are? Is it true there is no hope for the human species? How would you respond to those who hold pessimistic views about human beings?
5. Shouldn’t Mark Twain talk about “Damn the rich” or “Damn the capitalists,” or “Damn the US imperialists,” or “Damn the racists”? How come he chooses to damn the whole human race without making any distinction?
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