第一讲动词的时态和语态
[全析考法]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ________ (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
解析:started 根据破折号前的内容可知,此处说的是2005年发生的事情,应用一般过去时。
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers ________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.
解析:managed 由语境可知,此处讲的是发生在过去的事情,所以用一般过去时,主语engineers和manage之间是主动关系,故填managed。
3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school ________ (come) first.”
解析:comes 此句是直接引语,陈述客观事实,根据前面句子的谓语可知,动词come应该使用一般现在时。
4.(2017·6月浙江高考)Pahlsson and her husband _______ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.
解析:searched but后面的“turned up nothing”使用了过去时,search是与之并列的谓语动词,根据语境可知,此处描述的是过去发生的行为,故要用一般过去时。
5.(2016·四川高考)However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then, after two and a half years, the mother ________ (drive) the young panda away.
解析:drove 此处讲过去发生的事,所以用一般过去时且为主动形式,故用drive的过去式drove。
6.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)This cycle ________ (go) day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.
一 般 体 1
解析:goes 此处指这种循环日复一日地不断持续下去,由冒号后内容的时态可知这种情况是客观性陈述,故用一般现在时。
7.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It ________ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.
解析:was 根据“In 1969, the pollution was terrible”可知,此处叙述的是过去发生的事情,因此用一般过去时,由于主语是It,因此此处谓语用was。
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there.________________
解析:find→found 根据第一句中的时间状语During my last winter holiday可知,此处叙述的是去年寒假中的事情,故第二句中的谓语动词应用一般过去时。
2.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.________________
解析:are→were 根据主句的谓语动词didn't realize和until引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词entered可知,此处叙述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。
3.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.________________
解析:begin→begun 根据语境:写作课刚刚已经开始,再结合前面的had,表明这是一个过去完成时的句子,因此把begin改为 begun。
4.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.________________
解析:goes→went 此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情,所以用一般过去时。
5.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer came, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!________________
解析:came→comes 此处主句是一般将来时,when引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时表示将来,且从句主语为第三人称单数,故应用comes。
6.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.________________
解析:become→became 此句中的become和前面的entered是并列谓语,形式上应保持一致,故become应使用一般过去时。
7.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we should go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost much, yet we can still
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learn a lot.________________
解析:thought→think 根据前面的suggest和后面的does, can still learn 可知此处应用一般现在时。
8.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself. However, my parents didn't seem to think so.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.________________
解析:tell→told 根据前面两句的时态可知此处应用一般过去时。 9.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Tony was scared and begun to cry. ________________
解析:begun→began “was scared”与“begun”是由and连接的两个并列谓语,由“was scared”可知应用一般过去时,begin的过去式是began, begun是其过去分词,所以begun改为began。
10.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.________________
解析:telling→told 句子的主语为“A woman”,谓语为saw, crying为宾语补足语,and连接的是两个并列谓语,而不是两个宾语补足语,所以telling改为told。
[谨记规则]
(一)一般现在时
1.表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态,常与频度副词及表示现在的时间状语连用。例如:
always总是 often经常 sometimes有时
hardly ever几乎不
usually通常 frequently经常 yearly每年
on Sundays在星期天 seldom很少 2.表示主语目前的性质、特征、状态或能力等。
He is a man of few words.他是一个少言寡语的人。 3.表示客观事实、普遍真理及自然现象,或用在格言中。
4.表示按规定、计划、安排、时间表等马上要发生的事情,常与具体的时间状语连用。该用法常用于火车时刻表、飞机航班时刻表,以及电影开演、作息、安排等时刻表上,且仅限于少数表示短暂意义的动词,例如:
come来 go去 arrive到达 leave离开 take off起飞
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begin开始 finish完成
start开始 stop停止
(二)一般过去时
1.表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态,其中包括过去的习惯性动作,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。例如:
yesterday昨天 the other day几天前 once upon a time从前 last week/month/year
in 2019在2019年
... days/years ago ……天/年前 the day before yesterday前天 上周/上个月/去年
2.描述过去时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。
He opened his eyes, put on his clothes quickly and jumped down from the bed. 他睁开眼睛,迅速穿上衣服,并从床上跳了下来。
[特别注意] 在before和after引导的时间状语从句中,若表示两个过去的动作相继发生,两个动作都用一般过去时,前一个动作不必用过去完成时。
Henry visited New York before he left for Washington. 亨利去华盛顿之前游览了纽约。
3.有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明,但实际上是“刚才,刚刚”发生,应使用一般过去时。如I didn't know ...或I forgot ...等表示事先或说话之前不知道或不记得,但现在已知道或记得的事情。
I didn't know you were here.我不知道你在这里。 (三)一般将来时
1.will/shall+动词原形
(1)表示将要发生的动作或将来存在的状态,shall一般用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。例如:
tomorrow明天 later on后来
in the future将来 before long不久以后;很快
next week/month/year下周/下个月/明年 the day after tomorrow后天
(2)will还可表示说话时临时作出的决定。
—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment. —All right. I will call him later. ——杰克逊医生现在不在办公室。 ——好吧,我过会给他打电话。 2.be going to+动词原形
表示按计划、打算将要做某事;还可表示“预见”,即根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
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看那些乌云。要下雨了。
3.be about to+动词原形/be on the point of+动名词
“be about to+动词原形”及“be on the point of+动名词”表示“立即的将来(immediate future)”,因此,这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用,但可以和并列连词when(=and at that time)引出的分句连用。
The train is about to start.火车就要开了。 4.be to+动词原形
用法 表示“按计划或安排即将要做的事” 表示“按照职责、义务、规定、命令等应该做某事”,相当于should, ought to 表示注定要发生的事情 (四)过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,其构成是“should/would+动词原形;was/were (going/about) to+动词原形”。
He said he would be here at nine o'clock. 他说他会在九点钟到这里。
[全析考法]
单句语法填空
1.(2018·北京高考改编)Susan had quit her well-paid job and ________ (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
解析:was working 句意:去年我拜访苏珊的时候,她已经辞去了那份高薪的工作,正在社区当志愿者。根据句意可知,此处强调过去的时间点正在进行的动作,因此用过去进行时。
2.(2017·天津高考改编)I ______ (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
解析:was driving 句意:我正开车去伦敦时,突然发现走错路了。be doing sth.+ when ...是固定句型,表示“正在做某事,这时突然……”。
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例句 They are to meet at the gate of the school.他们将在学校门口见面。 You are to report it to the police. 你应该报警。 Your plan is to be a failure. 你的计划注定要失败。 进 行 体