摘要
本设计的题目是测定管道中流体阻力试验装置的设计，其中管道阻力损失包括沿程阻力损失和局部阻力损失，通过具体设计和最后成型，我们能利用该装置测量出流体力学直管沿程阻力以及几种典型管道的局部阻力，进而测得管道的沿程阻力系数和局部阻力系数，从而测量出管路的阻力，在设计说明书中我具体的阐述了测量装置的组成，结构功能，零部件的设计选型和校核，试验的原理和方法，以及存在的缺陷和改良的方法。本设计将本科教学中流体力学实验室中沿程阻力损失和局部阻力损失试验以其综合在一起，并比较了单个试验仪器的优劣，从而设计出这套管路阻力损失实验台，本设计的内容主要包括直管道的沿程阻力以及几种典型的局部阻力，其中局部阻力有：弯管，突然扩大管，突然缩小管，通过试验设计可以方便的测量出沿程阻力系数和局部阻力系数，而设计的关键就是管道系统的设计,我将结合实验室的装置和以上的实验装置设计管路系统，经过方案的论证后证明我自己设计的这套装置在实际是可靠和实用的。
这套装置主要的功能就是测量流体流动在管路中的沿程损失和局部损失，这套试验装置集这两个特点于一身，在形式上力求与生产实际一致，此套装置不仅在设计上有所创新和突破而且在其试验装置的性能和功能上也达到了各试验的目的。
本装置具体概括起来有以下特点：实验测定的结果与书本上的结论和理论分析的情况比较吻合，曲线比较光滑，装置可操作性的范围比较大结果易于说明，并且数据的重复性好，并且在装置结构上,更加简洁,合理,性能更可靠,易于安装和维修。
关键词：沿程损失，局部损失，流体，管路系统
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Abstract
This design topic is to design a teaching experiment equip which can measure the fluid resistance in some kind of tube.Fluid resistance include follow distance resistance and part resistance ,Through a detail designation finally i got a design result.We can make use of that equip to measure follow distance resistance and a few kinds of part resistance in some kind circular pipe,further we can bowl out related follow distance resistance coefficient and part resistance coefficient.In the design manual concretely elaborate the constitute of this equip ,structure function, the designing and choosing of parts of the equip,The calculation school checking of the equip,experiment principle and method,the method of blemish and improvement of the equip.In this design, follow distance resistance and partresistance of undergraduate teaching laboratory in fluid mechanics will be combined, comparing the merits of a single test apparatus.Thereby we can get the design of a test-bed testing loss of resistance pipeline. The content of my design mainly include follow distance resistance and a few kinds typical model of part resistance,part resistance include:Suddenly extension tube ,suddenly contract tube ,curved tube,pass experiment design can very convenience get measure bowl out follow distance resistance coefficient and part resistance coefficient ,bet design of the key be a piping system of design.I will combine in the laboratory of equip with above of experiment equip design tube road system,Through project argument certificate it proved that my experiment suit for all practical purpose is a credibility with practical education.
The function of this equipment is to measure fluid follow distance resistance and part resistance in the pipe system.This suit's place is to gather these two
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features at the whole body ,at formality it try hard consistent with actual production ,this suit place not only on designing have innovation and break but also on function come to each experiment basic request.
The origin equipment summarily have the following characteristic: experiment measurement of result and book of the conclusion and the theories analysis of the circumstance fit together very much,the curve is smooth,equipment interoperability of scope is large，result obvious be easy to explanation and re-appearing of the data is very good;On the equip structure ,it is simple and direct, reasonable and more reliable performance.It is easy to be installed and maintained.
Key words:follow distance resistance,part resistance, fluid, pipeline system.
目录
摘要 ........................................................................................................................... I
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Abstract .................................................................................................................. II 1.课题的来源和意义 ............................................................................................... 1
1.1设计的来源和意义 .......................................................................................................... 1 1.2国内外研究现状简述 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.3本设计的主要工作 ........................................................................................................... 2
2.系统的总体设计 .................................................................................................. 3
2.1实验原理及系统的设计 .................................................................................................. 3
2.1.1实验原理分析和实验方法 .................................................................................. 3 2.1.2沿程阻力损失和局部阻力损失产生的原因 ...................................................... 4 2.1.3管道阻力的具体测量 ........................................................................................ 11 2.2 实验装置方案设计和实验分析 ................................................................................... 16
2.2.1 实验装置的配置 ............................................................................................... 16 2.2.2实验装置的相关功能 ........................................................................................ 17 2.2.3本套方案的论证 ................................................................................................ 18
3.系统的选型设计 ................................................................................................ 19
3.1实验装置部件的配置 .................................................................................................... 19 3.2泵的选型 ........................................................................................................................ 19 3.3管道材料的选择及管径尺寸的计算 ............................................................................ 22 3.4阀门的选型 .................................................................................................................... 25 3.5 电机的选型 ................................................................................................................... 29 3.6流量计和测压计的选型 ................................................................................................ 30 3.7水箱的设计 .................................................................................................................... 36
4.实验指导书 ........................................................................................................ 38
4.1实验装置的结构和功能 ................................................................................................ 38 4.2实验的方法和步骤 ........................................................................................................ 39 4.3使用实验设备应注意的事项 ........................................................................................ 41
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5.实验报告 ............................................................................................................ 42
5.1实验的目的和原理 ........................................................................................................ 42
5.1.1实验的目的 ........................................................................................................ 42 5.1.2基本原理 ............................................................................................................ 42 5.2实验数据 ........................................................................................................................ 42
5.2.1原始数据 ............................................................................................................ 42 5.2.2过程运算表 ........................................................................................................ 44
6.设计的总结 ........................................................................................................ 45
6.1本设计的具体评价 ........................................................................................................ 45 6.2设计过程中的收获 ........................................................................................................ 47
致谢 ........................................................................................................................ 48 参考文献 ................................................................................................................ 48
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