中考英语专题复习：代词考点讲解和训练
【考点直击】
1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法；
2. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法； 3 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法； 4 常见不定代词的一般用法； 5. 指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；6. 相互代词的基本用法； 7. 疑问代词的基本用法。 8. 关系代词的基本用法。
【名师点睛】
代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。 一. 人称代词
1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。
2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如：
① I like table tennis. （作主语） ② Do you know him?（作宾语） 3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：---Who is knocking at the door? ---It’s me. 4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如： ① He is older than me. ② He is older than I am. 5. 人称代词的排列顺序
分三种情况：复数人称代词按照 we – you – they顺序； 单数人称代词按照 you – he/she – I顺序； 第三人称男女并用时按照he- she顺序 二. 物主代词
1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性 物主代词，如下表所示。
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2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如： ① Our teacher is coming to see us. ② This is her pencil-box. 3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。 ① Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）
② --- Is this English-book yours? （作表语） --- No. Mine is in my bag. ③ I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语） 4. 含有物主代词的固定搭配： all one’s life (一生，终生) change one’s mind (改变想法、主意) do one’s best (尽力) do one’s homework (做作业) lose one’s life (丧生) make up one’s mind (下决心，决定) on one’s way to (在某人去……的路上) take one’s time (不急，慢慢干)
to one’s surprise (使某人惊奇的是……) with one’s help (在某人的帮助下)等。 三. 指示代词：this，that，these，those。
1. this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人，例如： ① This is a pen and that is a pencil．
② We are busy these days． ③ In those days the workers had a hard time． 2.有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物，如： ① I had a cold. That's why I didn't come.
② What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English． 3. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如：
① Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai． 4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如： ① Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 四. 反身代词
英语中用来表示\我自己\，\你自己\，\他自己\，\我们自己\，\你们自己\等意义的代词称为反身(自身)代词,第一和第二人称的反身代词由“形容词性物主代词 + self/selves‖构成，第三人称的反身代词由”宾格代词+self/selves‖构成。其形式如下。
反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。
1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。 ① He called himself a writer． ② Would you please express yourself in English? 2. 作表语。 ① It doesn't matter．I'll be myself soon． ② The girl in the news is myself． 3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。 ① I myself washed the clothes．（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语） ② You should ask the teacher himself．（作宾语同位语） 4. 含有反身代词的固定搭配
all by oneself (独自地、孤独地) enjoy oneself (玩得开心，过得愉快) teach oneself （自学） hurt oneself （伤到自己）
dress oneself (自己穿衣服) help oneself to… （请随便吃……）
say to oneself （自言自语） leave one by oneself （把某人单独留下）等。
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五. 不定代词
不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定 语。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下： 1. some与any的区别
1）some多用于肯定句，表示―一些，几个‖作形容词时，后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。
① Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. ② Some rice in the bag has been sold out.
2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示―一些，任何‖用作形容词时，后面
可以接①不可数名词+单数动词；②可数名词+复数动词。
① If you have any questions, please ask me. ② There isn't any orange in the bottle. ③ Have you got any tea?
3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示―一些‖。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some
多用于肯定句中。
① How many people can you see in the picture? ② I can't see any.
③ If you have no money, I'll lend you some. 注意：与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody
在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。 2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别 1）用作形容词： 含义 表示肯定 表示否定 用法 用于可数名词 a few虽少，但有几个 few不多，几乎没有 用于不可数名词 a little，虽少，但有一点 little不多，没有什么 ① I'm going to buy a few apples. ② He has few friends. ③ He can speak only a little Chinese. ④ There is only a little milk in the glass. ⑤ They had little money with them.
2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little = a bit = kind of 表示―有点，稍微‖， little表示―很少‖。
① I'm a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry) ② Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep) ③ Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级) ④ She slept very little last night. 3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。 用 法 代名词 形容词 单数 复数 单数 复数 不定 another others another (boy) other (boys) 另一个 别人，其他人 另一个（男孩） 其他男孩 特定 the other the others the other (boy) the other (boys) 另一个 其余那些人、物 另一个男孩 其余那些男孩 1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是―其他的、别的‖。 ① Where are his other books? ② I haven't any other books except this one.
2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成―the other‖，表示两个人或物中的―另一个‖。常与one搭配构成―one ..., the other ...‖句型。
① He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old. ② She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.
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3）other作代词用时，可以有复数―others‖，泛指―另外的人或物‖。常与some搭配构
成“some ...., others ...”句型。
① Some went to the cinema, others went swimming. ② This coat is too large. Show me some others, please. 4）―the others‖表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物‖。
① We got home by 4 o'clock, but the others didn't get back until 8 o'clock. ② In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.
5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的单数名词，意为―另一个‖，还可以跟代词one. ① You can see another ship in the sea, can't you?
② Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one? 6）another也可以作代词用，表示―另一个‖。
① I'm still hungry after I've had this cake. Please give me another. 4. every与each的区别。 each every 1)可单独使用 1)不可单独使用 2)可做代名词、形容词 2)仅作形容词 3)着重―个别‖ 3)着重―全体‖，毫无例外 4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物 4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物 ① The teacher gave a toy to each child. ② Each ball has a different colour.
注：当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。
而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。
① Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher. ② Every child likes playing. = All children like playing. 5. all和both的用法。
1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。
① All of us like Mr. Pope.（作主语）= We all like Mr. Pope. (作同位语)
② All the water has been used up. (作主语) ③ That's all for today. (作表语) ④ Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语) ⑤ All the leaders are here. (作定语) 2）both作代词。
① 与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示―两个都‖。
Lucy and Lily both agree with us. How are your parents? They're both fine.
They both passed on their sticks at the same time. ② 与―of +代词（或名词）‖连用，表示―两者都‖。
Both of them came to see Mary. Both of the books are very interesting. ③ 单独使用，表示―两者（都）‖。 Michael has two sons. Both are clever.
I don't know which book is the better, I shall read both.
3）both用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示―两者都‖。
① Both his younger sisters are our classmates. ② There are tall trees on both sides of the street.
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六. 相互代词
表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词有each other 和one another两种形 式。在当代英语中，each other和one another没有什么区别。相互代词可在句中作宾语，定语。作定语用时，相互代词用所有格形式。
① We should learn from each other / one another. （作宾语） ② Do you often write to each other / one another? （作宾语） ③ We often borrow each other's / one another's books. （作定语）
④ The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework.（作定语） 七. 疑问代词
疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：
① Who is going to come here tomorrow?（作主语） ② What is that? (作表语) ③ Whose umbrella is this? (作定语) ④ Whom are you waiting for? (作宾语) 八.关系代词
关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如： ① I hate people who talk much but do little.
② I’m looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter. ③ With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies. ④ Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster? 九、代词it
1）代词it用来代替不明身份、性别的人。
— Who is the child in the picture? 这照片上的孩子是谁？
— It’s me. Can’t you see? 是我呀！难道你看不出来？ 2）代词it 用作形式主语或形式宾语。
it 做形式主语或形式宾语，真正的主语或宾语是后面的不定短语、动名词或that
从句。
It’s very interesting to swim in the river. 在河里游泳非常有趣. He found it difficult to learn English well. 他发现学好英语很难。 易错点一、承认过去、表示不好的事情时，单数人称代词按照I- he/she – you 顺序排列，
复数人称代词按照we – you – they 顺序排列。
_________ will be published by the teacher for breaking the window.
A. I, he and you B. He, I and you C. You, I and he D. He, you and I 易错点二、his 和its既可以作形容词性物主代词，又可以作名词性物主代词。 My computer is new and his is old.
易错点三、在打电话语境中，习惯用this和that代替I和you。 --- Who’s that speaking? --- _______________.
A. This is Jack speaking. B. I am speaking C. Jack is me D. I am Jack 易错点四、不定代词all和not连用时表示部分否定，要译成“不全部”，不能译成“都
不”；表示全部否定要用none。
Not all the balls are round. 并不是所有的球都是圆的。 None of the bread is fresh. 这些面包都不新鲜。
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