专项：情态动词
一 考点： 情态动词的用法和辨析，情态动词表示推测和可能，由情态动词引导的一般疑问句的回答。 二 类型：1 只是情态动词：can, could, may, might, must 2 可做情态动词，可做实义动词：need, dare
3 可做情态动词，可做助动词： will, would, shall, should 4 特殊：have to, ought to, used to
三 特征：1 有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词和系动词连用构成谓语。 2 无人称和数的变化。（have to 除外） Eg: He has to stay here. 3 后接动词原形。
4 具有助动词作用，可构成否定，疑问或简短回答。
四 用法：
1. can ① 表示能力，“能，会”。Eg : Can you play basketball?
② 表示怀疑，猜测，常用于否定句或疑问句。 Eg :Li hua can’t be in the classroom. ③ 表示请求，允许，多用于口语，译“可以”= may. Eg: you can go now. ④can 开头的疑问句，肯定句，否定句用can或 can’t.
2.could ①can 的过去式，表示过去的能力。 Eg :I could swim when I was seven years old.
②could 开头的疑问句，肯定和否定回答用could, couldn’t如果could 表示现在的委婉，用can 回答。 Eg: Could I have a drink? Yes, you can.
3.may ① 表示推测，“可能，也许”，用于肯定句。 Eg: He may come tomorrow. ② 表示请求，“许可,可以”。Eg: May I borrow your book?
注：表示请求，许可时，主语为第一人称的一般疑问句，否定回答用
mustn’t“不可以，禁止，不许”,不用may not“可能不”。
③表示祝愿。Eg :May you success.
4.might ①表示“可以”，用于过去时中。 Eg: He told me I might smoke in the room. ②用于现在时，表示说话更委婉，礼貌。 Eg: He might be doing his lessons now.
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5.must ①表示“必须，应该”。
②表示推测，常用在肯定句中，表“一定”。 Eg: There is someone knocking at the door. It must be Jim.
③否定句中，mustn’t 表示禁止，“不允许”。
④以must 开头的疑问句，肯定句回答用must,否定回答用needn’t , 表示“不需要，不必”=“don’t have to”.
⑤表示“偏偏”。Eg: Must you play the piano at this time.
6.need ①情态动词：+do,用need 提问或回答，肯定句回答用must ,否定句回答用needn’t.
Eg: You needn’t come to school so early.
②实义动词：+to do ,用助动词提问和否定。 ③+doing 表示被动。
④needn’t have done 表示没必要做某事但是做了。
Eg: I actually needn’t have bought so much wine.
7.dare ①情态动词，多用于疑问句，否定句，条件句中。 Eg: I’m afraid you dare not to do such a thing. 注：I dare say 习惯说成“也许，我想”。 Eg: It will rain this afternoon, I dare say.
②实义动词：dare to do ,用于肯定句中，当用于否定句或疑问句时，to 可以省略。Eg: This student doesn’t dare to raise any question in class.
8.shall ①用于第一人称表示征求意见，询问。
Eg: Shall I open the window? Shall we have lunch here?
②表示说话人的态度，“命令，警告，允诺，威胁”。 Eg: You shall finish your homework first.
③用于第三人称，在条约，规定，法令等文件中表示义务或规定，“应该，必须”。（不常用）
9.should ①表示义务，责任“应该”。Eg: We should obey traffic laws.
②作为shall 过去式，用于第一三人称，表示征求意见。Eg: Mr Lee asked if he should get his visa.
③表示“竟然”。 Eg: It’s unthinkable that the boy should sing such a beautiful song. ④表示说话人的特殊情感，如惊奇，愤怒，失望等。 Eg: How should I know? ⑤表示劝告，建议，“应该”。 Eg: You should listen to your teacher.
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10.will ①用于第二人称表示询问，请求，也可以表达现在的“意愿”。Eg: Will you pass me the book?
②表示意愿，决定，允诺，用于各种人称。 Eg: I will try my best to help you. ③表示规律性的“注定会”。 Eg: People will die without air or water.
11.would ①表示过去的意愿或委婉询问。 Eg: Would you tell me the way to the station?
12.have to ①“必须，不得不”，强调客观需要，含有时态的变化。 Eg: I’ll have to ask Jim instead. ②区别：must 表示“必须，应该“，主观看法。
13.ought to ①表示职责，义务或要求，及人们应该去做的正确的事或好事。
Eg: Humans ought to stop polluting nature.
②比should 语气强，ought to 反映客观情况，should表示主观看法。 ③ought to have done 本应该做而没有做。
Eg: You are late. You ought to have arrived five minutes earlier.
14.used to ①表示“过去常常，过去是“，没有人称和数的变化，可以和过去的时间状语连
用。否定形式：usedn’t to 或didn’t use to ,疑问词将use提前或Did…use to …? Eg: He didn’t use to be so careless.
②区别 would :带有主观性，并且现在做不做不知道。Used to :客观性，和现在
进行对比，过去常常，现在就不怎么做了。 Eg: He would phone me on Sunday.
Eg: I used to be very fond of music when I was young.
③区别：be used to doing （情态动词）习惯于… Used to do （情态动词）过去是，过去常常… Be used to do (过去式) 被用来做…
Eg: I am already used to noisy city life here. My parents used to live in South America. This machine is used to cut up waste paper.
15.其他：⑴had better do 最好做某事 Eg: You had better stay at home. 否定：had better not do ⑵be able to 与can 表示能力时用法相同，但前者有时态的变化，有能力成功做某事。 Eg: We will be able to come back next week.
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完形填空
Have you ever seen the advertisement: Learn a foreign language in six weeks, 1 give your money back? Of course, it 2 happens quite like that. The only language 3 to learn is the mother language. And think 4 practice is needed for that. Before the Second World War people usually learned a foreign language 5 the literature(文学) of the country. Now most people want to 6 a foreign language. Every year millions of people start learning 7 . How do they do it? Some people try at home 8 books and tapes, others go to evening classes or watch TV programs. 9 they use the language only 2 or 3 times a week, learning it will 10 a long time, like language learning at school. A few people try to learn a language fast by studying for 6 or 11 hours a day. It's much easier to learn the language in the country where it 12 . But most people are 13 to do this, and many people don't have to do so. Machines and good books will be very 14 , but they can not do the students' work. 15 the language is learned quickly or slowly, it is hard work. ( )1. A. so
B. or
C. and
D. but D. often D. easy D. how many D. study D. say D. it D. by D. Until D. cost D. less D. is spoken D. not possible
( )2. A. can＇t B. impossible ( )3. A. easily B. difficult ( )4. A. how much B. how long ( )5. A. studied ( )6. A. talk ( )7. A. them ( )8. A. without ( )9. A. If
C. never
C. able C. how fast
B. to study C. studying B. tell
C. speak
C. that
B. this B. with
C. in
B. When C. Since
C. take C. other
( )10. A. spend B. use ( )11. A. some B. more
( )12. A. speaks B. is speaking C. spoke ( )13. A. able B. possible C. unable
( )14. A. careful B. forgetful C. wonderful D. helpful ( )15. A. either B. whether C. what
专题练习： 一．选择题
1. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it ____ be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C. should D. would 2. You ______ be hungry already ---- you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 3. ---- What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
---- You ____ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.
A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t
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D. how
4. John promised his doctor he ______ not smoke. And he has never smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would 5. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ______ better.
A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done
6. Liza ______ well not want to go on the trip ---- she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may
7. She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.
A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
8. According to the air traffic rules, you _____ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should
9. ---- I can’t find my purse anywhere. ---- You ______ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would
10. ---- I’m sorry. I ______ at you the other day. ---- Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted
11. ---- What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?
---- Well, it _______ be big ---- that’s not important.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t 12. ---- What does the sign over there read?
---- “No person _______ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.” A. will B. may C. shall D. must
13. Some aspects of a pilot’s job ______ be bring; and pilots often _______ work at inconvenient. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must
14. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where _______ I have put it?
A. can B. must C. should D. would
15. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I _____ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken
16. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you ______ take care of your luggage. A. can B. may C. must D. will
17. ---- She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam. ---- I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might
18. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I _______ have driven her there. A. could B. must C. might D. should
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19. ---- Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Don’t forget it! ----OK, I _______. A. won’t B. don’t C. can’t D. needn’t
20. ---- How is your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? --- It _____ be, but it is now heavily polluted.
A. will B. would C. should D. must
21. The biggest problem for most plants, which ______ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.
A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 22. ---- Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. ---- You _______ it in the wrong place.
A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put 23. ---- What’s the name? ---- Khulaifi. ______ I spell that for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might
24. ---- Who is the girl standing over there ? --- Well, if you ______ know, her name is Mabel. A. may B. can C. must D. shall 25. I was really anxious about you. You _______ home without a word.
A. mustn’t have left B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t have left
26. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ have attended your lecture. A. couldn’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
27. ---- Are you coming to Jeff’s party? ---- I’m not sur. I _______ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might 28. Johnny, you ________ play with the knife. You ________ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 29. You _______ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important. A. shouldn’t B. cannot C. mustn’t D. needn’t
30. ---- Is John coming by train? ---- He should, but he ______ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. may C. can D. need
Answers：1—5 BBADD 6—10 DADAB 11—15 BCAAC
Answers: 16—20 CCDAC 21—25 BDACB 26—30 ADBBB 完形填空1—5 BCDAB 6—10 CDBAC 11—15 BDCDB
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