Unit 4
Art of Life
Word Bank
（audio-:与听力有关<->visual）audible (able->ible): adj. that is heard or that can be heard可听见的
(basis->base: n./ vt.以为基础/根据; be based on sth.) basement: n. the lowest habitable story (可居住的楼层) of a building地下室
beneath: prep. lower than; below低于…，在…下方
betray(->betrayal/ treason): v. the act of committing treason against背叛
bust: n. a sculpture representing a person's head, shoulders, and upper chest半身像 callus: v. to form or develop a hardened tissue结痂（茧）
cast: v. to form (liquid metal, e.g. ) into a particular shape by pouring into a mold铸造; broadcast广播
choke: v. to have difficulty in breathing, swallowing, or speaking哽塞 dab: v. to apply with short, poking strokes轻拍; pat
dimensional: adj. having, or seeming to have, length depth, and height空间的，维度的 (dwindle->) dwindling: adj. decreasing; becoming less 流逝的
estranged: adj. being (alien外星人->alienate->) alienated or made distant疏运的 flick: v./ n. to touch or hit with a light, quick blow轻拍，轻击
hibiscus: n. (US) a tropical plant with large brightly colored flowers芙蓉，木槿 knead: v. to squeeze, press, or roll with the hands轻柔，按摩
lotion: n. a (medical->) medicated liquid for external [apply(1)申请；应用] application洗剂（液）
massage: (US) to rub parts of the body to aid (circulate-)) circulation or relax the muscles按摩
necktie: n. a narrow fabric band of varying (different) length (wear->) worn around the neck and tied in a knot close to the throat领带; tie: vt. ~ a horse to a big tree.
(patriot->爱国者) patriarch: n. a man who rules a family, clan (家族), or tribe (部落)族长(酋长); arc-/arch-穹顶
(proud=) prideful: adj. arrogant (->arrogance); disdainful傲慢的，轻蔑的; be proud of sb./sth.=pride (vi.) on sb./sth.=take pride (n.) in sb./ sth.以某人或某物而感到自豪；
reconcile: v. to settle or resolve调停，决绝, 和解; council议会；consult咨询->consultant顾问
(relief->) relieve: v. to cause a lessening or (alleviate->) alleviation of减缓; to relieve sb.=go to sb.’s reflief.=to rescue sb. 解救某人
sculpt (->sculpture): v. to shape, mold, or fashion (imitate模仿) especially with (precise->) precision雕塑
shrug: v. to raise (the shoulders)耸肩
snore: n. /vi. the act or an instance of snoring打鼾
splatter: v. to spatter (v.溅污n.滴落), especially to move or fall so as to cause splashes飞溅 [dwell居住；~on sth.老在想…]
squeeze: v. to press gently, as in affection挤，捏
(stubborn) stubbornness: n. firmness倔强; bear->bore->born
1
tissue: n. a soft, absorbent piece of paper used as toilet paper, a handkerchief, or a towel纸巾 toenail: n. the thin, horny, transparent plate covering the upper surface of the end of a toe脚趾甲; nail: n./ vt.钉子/指甲
tuft: n. a short cluster (簇群) of hair, or grass一族，一从
vanity: n. excessive pride in one's appearance or accomplishments虚荣；Vanity Fair名利场 vengeance: n. infliction of punishment in return for a wrong committed报复，复仇；revenge: n./vi
volunteer: n./vi. to offer to give out of one's own will (意志/ 遗嘱)志愿
whimsical: adj. erratic (n./ adj. 不稳定的, 奇怪的) in behavior or degree of unpredictability反复无常; predict预测；dict-: speak. dictionary词典/ 字典
wiggle: v. to move or cause to move from side to side with short irregular (<->regular) twisting motions扭动，摆动
Phrases and Expressions
at the far end of: at the distant end of在另一边
get in touch with: to maintain (=keep) contact with保持联系[contact sb. by the (telephone) number]
hold (->held->held) on to: to continue to do something; persist坚持/ 抓住; hold on (=wait for a moment)<->hang up挂断电话
in an attempt to: try to do sth./ making an effort to do sth.力图，试图
make peace: to maintain or observe (遵守/ 观察) a state of quietness without conflicts维和 shrug...off: to raise shoulders as a show case of distain (使变色,弄脏,伤害名誉) 耸肩表示不屑; stain (n./ vt)污渍
Reading Comprehension
I. Choose the best for each of the following.
1. \to hold on to what I could of him, I had volunteered to do it myself\(Para. 3) Here the word \ ( D )
A. \B. they were callused and curled, and his toenails were yellow.
C. Morrie liked being held and touched. And at this point, anything I could share with him to make him happy, I was going to do.
D. I had a small jar of lotion, and I squeezed some into my hands and began to massage his ankles.
2. What did Morrie regret in his life according to the passage? ( C ) A. Forgiveness and tolerance. B. Impatience and carelessness. C. Pride and vanity. D. Peace and stillness.
3. Why did Morrie say he was lucky? ( A )
A. Because he had got enough time to reconsider his life.
B. Because he had accepted his friend's explanation and rebuilt their friendship. C. Because he met his best friend in his life. D. Because he got comfort from his friends.
4. \rolled his toes between my fingers, lost in the task.\(Para. 30) Here the word \
2
implies that the author lost ( D ) A. his best friend B. his valuable memory C. his heart D. himself in deep thought
5. Why did Mitch hesitate when Mr. Morrie wanted him to be his another son? ( C ) A. Because he was reluctant to be Morrie's son. B. Because he thought Morrie was not qualified.
C. Because he thought it somehow seemed to betray his own father. D. Because he thought they were not so intimate.
II. Complete the following summary of the text by filling in the blanks with words. The initial letter of each word has been given to you.
\
(lie->) Lying on his bed, Morrie was so seriously ill that he could not even (1) wiggle his toes. I came to see him on a rainy day. Having seen his sickly (sick=ill; car-sick; sea-sick; air-sick; sickly: adj.有病的, 苍白的) face, I felt so sorry for him. At that time (Then), I (2) volunteered to do some massage for him. Also, of course, Morrie liked being (hold) held and (3) touched. And at this point, anything I could do to make him happy, I was going to (would) do.
Morrie then started a topic of (4) forgiveness with me. He told me that it is most (very) important not only to forgive (5) others but (6) ourselves. In order to prove it, he recalled a sad story between his friend Norman and him. It pained (vt.) him so much. He also said he was lucky to get enough time to think of his life, while I felt so sad because of his terrible illness. I pressed my thumb into his (7) hardened flesh and he didn't even feel it. He also reminded me of things pulling (acting) in different (8) directions. [remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某件事]
Later he said movingly (很动人地) that he wished I were his another son. At first, I felt afraid, as if (9) accepting his words would somehow (10) betray my own father. But just for a while (moment) I realized that all I was afraid of was saying good-bye.
Vocabulary
I. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.
1. This will help to __B___ the hardship of the [seek (political) refuge寻求避难] refugees (难民).
A. relish (mean意味) B. relieve C. (vivre->) revive (再生/恢复/苏醒) D. rely (on)=depend (on)依赖
2. She (feel->) felt the ___A__ (compete->) competition between the two brothers. A. intense (激烈的) B. intensive(密度高的) C. intention (n. 打算目的) D. intend (vt.打算)
3. The bride (新娘) and (bride)groom (马夫/ 新郎) promised to __D___ each other through sickness and health (->healthy). A. nag (唠叨a nagging wife) B. blame C. spoil [宠坏/弄砸了a ~ed (spoilt) child) D. cherish (vt. hope)
4. You could feel the __B___ in the room as (when) we waited for our exam results. A. intense (adj.) B. tension (n.)
C. tense (1.紧张的; 2.n.时态; 3.密度)
3
D. (extensive<->) intensive (密度或强度)
5. Angela __D___ with disappointment when she was told that she had not got the job. A. signed [1.vt.署名; 2. n. (sign + nature=) signature签名] B. [signal:1.n.信号; 2.vt.发信号) signaled
C. persisted (~in sth./doing sth.=insist on sth./ doing sth.坚持做某事) D. sighed (叹气)
6. If he can just ___C__ a little longer, we can give him a hand (help帮…一把). A. hold back (restrict保留) B. hold in C. hold on=wait D. hold up=block阻塞
7. This is a political __B___ an (economy经济) economic (与经济有关的；economical节约的) question. A. as well B. as well as=and C. as much D. as usual=as before
8. She can __C___ her troubles and keep (smile->) smiling. A. keep off远离 B. take off起飞/开始/脱衣服 C. shrug off表示不以为然 D. lay off=drop裁员
9. The two captains (船长/队长/上校/上尉;hat)__C___ a coin [(1)n.硬币; (2)vt.生造词] before the match. A. toss B. are tossed C. tossed抛 D. tossed for
10. I haven't really kept __A___ people I knew at school. A. in touch with B. out of touch with C. to the touch D. touching=moving感动人的
II. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary. squeeze massage choke vanity forgive tuft dimension reconcile flick audible snore mourn betray forget strange
1. Would you squeeze some oranges and make (for) me a glass of juice? 2. The (argue->) argument estranged him from his brother. 3. The bird had a tuft (一蔟,一缕) of feathers on top of its head. 4. He almost choked to death on a fish bone. 5. He has forgiven you for insulting (侮辱) him, and is trying to save you.[Save me/ Help me->help!]
6. The (electric resistance) resistance group was betrayed to the government by one of its own members.
7. He and his brothers were reconciled (和解) after a fierce (=severe) family quarrel. 8. Space is considered to be three-dimensional.
9. All shops will be closed today as a sign of (morning#) mourning for the king. 10. The audience (听众/ 观众) applauded (clapped) loudly at the end of the concert.
4
Translation
Put the following paragraphs into Chinese.
This was a few days after the \Morrie was beneath a blanket. I sat at the far end of his chair, holding his bare feet. They were callused and curled, and his toenails were yellow. I had a small jar of lotion, and I squeezed some into my hands and began to massage his ankles.
It was another of the things I had watched his helpers do for months, and now, in an attempt to hold on to what I could of him, I had volunteered to do it myself. The disease had left Morrie without the ability even to wiggle his toes, yet he could still feel pain, and massages helped relieve it. Also, of course, Morrie liked being held and touched. And at this point, anything I could do to make him happy, I was going to do.
参考译文：
这是“夜线”专访的几天以后，天空中阴霾密布。莫里盖着毯子，我坐在他那张躺椅的另一头，握着他裸露的脚。脚上长满了硬皮，而且呈蜷曲状，脚趾甲呈黄颜色。我拿着一瓶润肤液，挤一点在手上，然后按摩他的脚踝处。 这是几个月来我看见那些助手们常替莫里做的事情之一，我现在自告奋勇地要做这事，为的是尽我所能帮助他，疾病甚至剥夺了莫里扭动脚趾的功能，然而他却依然有疼痛感，而按摩可以缓解痛楚，再说，莫里喜欢有人去触摸他。在这个时候，只要是能使他开心的，任何事我都愿意去做。
Exercise
Put the following into English by using proper modal auxiliaries. 1他妻子虚荣自私，他本不该娶她．
2我们本来应该关心由于工农业不可抵挡的扩展加速了物种灭绝的发生。 3这份研究报告可能已经改变了关于智力问题的先天和后天之争。 4他不可能去过你家，他不知道你家的地址。 5如果走另外一条路，我们可“到得更早些。
6商会就合同条款和市政府进行的谈判一定已经陷入了僵局。 7(当时)时问还早，所以他本不必把车开那么快。
8在那样的情况下我本来能够保持积极的态度和避免感情冲动。 9两个与心脏病有关的状况必然使特别老化的大脑雪上加霜了。 10她还没有康复，不该那么早出院。
参考译文：
1. His wife is vain and selfish. He ought not to (should not have done) have married her.
2. We should have been concerned about the spasm (一阵的) of extinction, which has been accelerated by the inexorable (exorable可说服的, 可用恳求打动的) (expand->) expansion of agriculture and industry.
3. The study (research report) may have altered (#changed) the nature (v.s.=against) vs nurture debate (争论) about intelligence.
4. He can’t have been to your home. He didn’t know your address.
5. If we had taken the other way (road/ path), we might have arrived earlier.
5
6. Trade Union must have been in deadlock negotiation with City Hall (Government) over the terms of contract.
7. It was early, so he needn’t have driven so fast.
8. In that (circle->cycle->recycle->) circumstance, I could have kept a positive (active) attitude and avoided emotional outbursts. [burst into tears/ laughter(笑声)]
9. Two conditions (symptoms症状) linked to heart disease must have been particular (especially) hard (difficult) on the ageing brain. [make sth. go from bad to worse] 10. She shouldn’t have left the hospital so soon, for (since/ as) she had not yet recovered. (recovery: n. 康复)
Exercise
Turn the following sentences into Chinese.
1. Beeny had a one-chair barbershop (男子理发店suit<->hairdresser’s shop女子理发店/ tailor’s shop<->dressmaker’s女子服装店) in the neighborhood.
2. I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture (lesson) or an argument. [teach sb. a lesson教训某人]
3. A stream was winding its way through the valley and into the rivers.
4. Their host (->hostess) carved (bend), poured (倒茶), served (上菜), cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed health (祝酒).
5. The thesis (硕士论文) summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.
参考译文：
1. 比尼在那一带开了一家只有一张椅子的理发店。
2. 我担心她得要命，可此时此地，既不宜教训她一番，也不宜跟她争论一通。 3. 一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇入江河。
4. 他们的主人，又是切啊，又是倒啊，又是布菜啊，又是切面包的；一会儿和人聊天，一会儿不停地笑，还时不时地去敬酒，忙得不可开交。
5. 论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的成就。
Bonus
Below are some expressions about journalism. periodical期刊(periodically定期地) (bottom<->) top news新闻头条(margin)
(include->inclusive<->exclude->) exclusive news独家新闻 box news拳击新闻
(title<->subtitle) byline副标题/ 署名行 (edit<->editor) editorial社论 commentary评论
special column (->columnist专栏作家)专栏 free-lancer自由撰稿人
cover girl (illustrating girl)封面女郎
6