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摘 要
中国是世界上最大的纺织服装产品出口国，纺织服装行业也是中国的支柱型产业。
纺织服装产品的加工出口对保证我国外汇储备、国际收支平衡、人民币汇率稳定、解决社会就业及纺织业可持续发展起着至关重要的作用。
我国的纺织品贸易在国际贸易中存有很大的顺差,欧美等国与我国经常出现贸易摩擦,施加压力迫使我国上调人民币汇率。我国纺织业属于传统的劳动密集型产业,其竞争优势主要在于低廉的劳动成本。在纺织品“后配额时代”的前两年，其他国家对中国纺织服装产品配额限制的取消使得中国纺织服装贸易发展势头良好，但依然面临众多困难，如与主要贸易伙伴国贸易摩擦加剧、受到它国越来越多的反倾销措施限制等。目前中国纺织服装行业还面临如“技术性贸易壁垒”等一些新的挑战。本文将分析中国纺织服装行业面临的困难与挑战，并提出如“开展跨国经营战略”等对策措施，以促进中国纺织服装贸易的发展。
在新形势前我们应看清的现状,了解自己的长处和不足,了解国际贸易的规则。充分发挥自己的长处,改进自己的不足,利用国际贸易的规则,政府、社会、企业各自发挥自己的能力,互相合作,互相配合,提高中国纺织品的出口国际竞争力。
关键词：纺织业；贸易摩擦；出口；国际竞争力
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ABSTRACT
China is the world's largest textile and clothing products exporter, textile clothing industry is also China's pillar industries. Textile and clothing products processing exports to ensure that China's foreign exchange reserves, the balance of international payments, and the RMB exchange rate stability, solve social employment and textile industry sustainable development plays a vital role.
China's textile trade in international trade that huge surplus, European and American countries and China often appear trade friction, forced to put pressure on China raised the RMB exchange rate. Our country textile industry belongs to the traditional labor-intensive industries, mainly lies in its competitive advantages of low labor costs. In the textile quota era \textile clothing that the cancellation of the trade development momentum is good, but there are still many difficulties, such as with the main trading partners to trade friction intensified by it, more and more countries of the restrictions on anti-dumping measures. At present Chinese textile clothing industry is still faced with such as \so on some new challenges. This paper will analyze Chinese textile clothing industry will face difficulties and challenges, and puts forward such as \countermeasures, such as the measures to promote the development of China's textile and apparel trade.
In the new situation, we should see before the present situation of the idea of your strengths and weaknesses, understand the rules of international trade. Give full play to their strengths, improve their shortcomings, makes use of the international trade rules, government, society and enterprise each to use my ability, mutual cooperation, cooperate with each other, improve the export of Chinese textiles international competitiveness.
Keywords:Textile industry; Trade friction; Export; The international competitiveness
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目 录
1 纺织品出口的现状····················································································1 1.1 全球纺织品出口的形势········································································1 1.2 中国纺织品出口的发展状况··································································1 1.2.1 纺织业在经济的地位和作用····························································1 1.2.2 纺织业出口对中国的影响·······························································1 1.3 中国纺织品出口的竞争优势··································································2 2 中国纺织业出口遇到的问题········································································2 2.1 绿色贸易壁垒····················································································3 2.1.1 绿色贸易壁垒对中国纺织业出口的影响·············································3
2.1.2 中国纺织品出口遭遇绿色贸易壁垒的具体表现····································4 2.1.3 应对绿色贸易壁垒的措施·······························································4 2.2 反倾销·····························································································5
2.2.1 反倾销的概述··············································································5 2.2.2 中国如何应对反倾销·····································································5 3 如何提高中国纺织品出口的国际竞争力·························································6 3.1 “走出去”·······················································································6 3.2 产业链条深化····················································································7 3.3 品牌建设··························································································7 3.4 改善原有的企业价值链········································································8 3.5 技术及经营理念更新···········································································8 参考文献···································································································9 谢辞········································································································10 ·
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1 纺织品出口的现状
1.1 全球纺织品出口的形势
知识经济时代已经到来，新一轮科技革命正在全球范围展开，现代科技革命所引发
的产业结构的历史性变对纺织产业的发展提出了严峻的挑战。纵观现阶段国际纺织业的发展，有两个事实：一是全球纺织最大的赢家不是拥有低成本的发展中国家，而是那些凭借高新技术、资本实力、品牌竞争力、市场控制力和掌握跨国生产方式的发达国家；二是全球纺织业将进一步突出科学技术在国际竞争中的决定性地位，任何国家的纺织工业，只有在产品质量、创新能力和快速反应能力方面摆脱过度竞争的漩涡，才有可能占据主动地位。
1.2 中国纺织品出口的发展状况
纺织是出口创汇支柱性产业，也是外向依存度很高的行业。2001年中国纺织品出口
创汇520.8亿美元，占全国出口商品总额的20.7%，其中服装出口约占纺织品出口总额的60%，即312亿美元。中国加入WTO后，纺织业将是受惠最大的产业之一，服装行业也将受益匪浅。
1.2.1 纺织业在经济的地位和作用
纺织品是中国的出口支柱产业之一，在穿衣消费、就业稳定、收入增长和出口创汇
等方面发挥着极其重要的作用。中国纺织品出口在国际市场占有重要的地位，据中国海关统计，2010年1—12月，中国纺织品出口总额达2 065.4亿美元，相比于2009年增长23.6%，占全国货物贸易出口的13.1%。 1.2.2 纺织业出口对中国的影响
(一)中国纺织业成为就业的主要渠道之一 表1显示，2003-2008年前11月期间，
中国纺织业从业人员平均人数呈现增加态势，从496.3万人增加到614.6万人，纺织业从业人员平均人数占同期制造业的比重基本稳定在9％以上。除2008年外，纺织业在中国制造业30个大类中从业人员数量持续保持第一位，2008年退居第二位。 (二)中国纺织业在制造业中占据重要地位 2003-2008年期间，按照当年价格计算，中国纺织业的工业总产值从7730.9亿元持续增加到21272.5亿元，占同期制造业的比重基本稳定在5％以上；按照当年价格计算，2005年、2006年、2007年，规模以上纺织业企业工业增加值占同期规模以上制造业企业工业增加值的比重分别达到5.66％、5.47％、5.23％，分别位居制造业30个大类的第六位、第六位、第七位；2003-2008年前11月期间，纺织业的产品销售收入从7466.1亿元持续增加到18562.2亿元，占同期制造业的比重基本超过5％；2003-2008年前11月期间，纺织业的利润总额从243.5亿元持续增加到675.0亿元，占同期制造业的比重稳定在3.8-4.5％之间(见表1)。
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表1 中国纺织业主要经济指标及其在制造业中的比重
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
全国从业人员平均
人数
（万人） 比重（%） 496.3 10.23 519.2 9.95 580.9 9.94 604.8 9.71 631.5 9.47 614.6 8.69
工业总产值（当年价
格）
（亿元） 比重（%） 7730.9 6.13 9692.8 5.80 12517.7 5.80 15293.5 5.59 18774.9 5.31 21272.5 4.93
产品销售收入
利润总额
（亿元） 比重（%） （亿元） 比重（%）
7466.1 6.11 243.5 4.05 9346.8 5.73 279.8 3.37 12148.3 5.75 422.3 4.48 14822.3 5.55 535.5 4.33 16258.9 5.26 618.8 3.82 18562.2 4.87 675.0 4.19
注：工业总产值指标都是全年数据，其他经济指标中的2007、2008年是1-11月。 资料来源:原始数据来自国家统计局。
1.3 中国纺织品出口的竞争优势
(一)工业增加值率增加。根据国家统计局的数据，2003-2007年期间，规模以上中国纺织业企业的工业增加值率从24.68％增加到26.23％，尽管低于全国总体水平，但是呈现逐年增加态势，则说明中国纺织业的绩效竞争力在逐步提高。 （二）市场集中度偏低且稳定。根据国家统计局的资料，2003年至2008年前11个月，纺织业的市场集中度相对偏低且较为稳定，基本处在6-8％之间，基本呈现增加态势，则说明中国纺织业在国内市场没有出现垄断现象。
（三）专利申请和专利授权呈现较大差异。根据国家统计局的数据，2003-2007年期间，中国纺织业申请专利数量从3311件增加到6344件，年均增长13.89％，低于全国16.65％的平均水平，专利授权数量从1604件增加到3744件，年均增长18.47％，高于全国15.5％的平均水平；同一期间，中国纺织业专利申请数量占全国的比重从1.7％逐年下降到1.51％，中国纺织业专利授权数量占全国的比重从1.51％增加到1.72％。 （四）不同性质的企业研发投入水平不同。根据《中国经济普查年鉴2004》的数据，2004年中国纺织业R&D人员为24083人，占全国制造业的3.32％；中国纺织业R&D人员折合全时当量为15007人，占全国制造业的3.06％；中国纺织业R&D人员折合全时当量科学家和工程师8033人，占全国制造业的2.24％；中国纺织业R&D项目数为1327项，占全国制造业的2.74％；中国纺织业R&D经费内部支出为295876万元，占全国制造业的2.84％。
2 中国纺织业出口遇到的问题
纺织业作为我国的传统产业，对国民经济的发展发挥着非常重要的作用。自20世纪
80年代以来，纺织品服装出口一直处于全国首位，其进出口贸易的巨额顺差成为我国外汇收入和资金积累的重要来源。但是“后配额时代”、“无配额时代”的到来，纺织业出口不断出现贸易摩擦和反倾销事件，纺织业在国际面临的竞争更加激烈，竞争焦点逐步
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