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5B英语知识点必背 班级 姓名
1、单复数改写有以下几大类: ①名词变复数有以下几种: a.一般情况下加s,
b.以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词,变复数加es。如:dresses,buses,boxes,peaches.. 以o结尾的一般加s,如:yo-yo----yo-yos;zoo---zoos.但potato,tomato,mango加es。 c.以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,变复数时应把y改成i,再加es;以元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)+y的结尾的单词变复数时直接加s.
如:butterfly---butterflies,family---families;factory--factories ;boy---boys. leaf-leaves(叶子)
e.不规则的:foot(脚)—feet,man(男人)—men,child(孩子)—children(孩子们), mouse(老鼠)—mice等,还有people(人)---people(人们),fish---fish ②be动词,单数是am或is,复数are.
③“指示代词”(小表格):单数this,复数these;单数that,复数those. ④还有人称代词和物主代词(大表格):
人称代词: 单数:I、you、 he、she、it, 复数为we、you、they. 人称代词宾格:单数:me、you、 him、her、it,复数为us、you、them. 物主代词: 单数:my、your、his、her、its,复数为our、your、their.
*单复数改写词性不变(名词还是名词,be动词还是be动词,主格还是主格…),数量有所改变。介词短语在单复数改变时基本不变。
⑤(特殊情况:对于“一般现在时”时态中,当主语是第三人称(they;he,she,it)时,在单复数句改写时,句中的动词 要做相应的改动。(动词原形改为动词的第三人称单数形式,或动词的第三人称单数形式改为动词原形) 如:They look happy. He/She looks happy.
另:动词有两个以o结尾的单词加es,go--goes,do---does
*动词的“第三人称单数形式”,简称“三单式”,和名词的复数形式的构成是一样的。
2、单数is,复数are。 I和am, you和are. 不可数算单数。
a pair of用单数,如 This is a pair of socks.(看“a”,不看socks) two glasses of用复数,如There are two glasses of water on the table. (看“two”,不看water)
3、改成“一般疑问句”要记住:am、is、are、can、would .should(原句中找不到,就想到do,does。 看到动词原形就想到do, 看到动词+s/es就想到does,但does后面的动词要用原形),把它们提前就OK。(我I和你you,我的my和你的your要换, 我们we和你们you,我们的our和你们的your要换。)。
*改成“一般疑问句”一般some要改成any. (但如果问句中,如果说话人希望得到对方的肯定回答时,some不需要改成any.如:Would you like some apples? How about some juice? Can I have some pens?...)
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d.以f.fe结尾的单词变复数,把f.fe去掉,改为v,再加es.如:knife-knives (小刀)
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4、“对划线部分提问”要记住“什么”(what),“在哪里”(where), “谁”(who),谁的(whose),“哪个,哪些”(which),“为什么”(why) ,“什么颜色”(what colour),,“多少”(how many),“多少钱”(how much),“几岁”(how old), “什么时候”(when,what time)… ,“几点了”(What’s the time?或What time is it?),“今天星期几?”(What day is it ?), “今天几号?”(What date is it today ?),
“怎样”(how)“身体状况”(What ’s the matter with her?What’s wrong with you?/How are you?/How does he feel?)“问天气”(What’s the weather like today?How is the weather today?…然后怎么办?只要看看“改为一般疑问句”就可以了,但划线部分不能写到问句里哦!
5、“对划线部分提问”具体操作要记住三步走: ①、 ②、
题目全翻。
翻译部分,但要把“划线部分”读成填空题,确定用什么问,写好“特殊疑问词”。
③、 再把没划线的句子改成一句不完整的一般疑问句.(句中的第一人称和第二人称要互
换。)
*(提前+照抄) *当划线部分是动词时,在照抄时别忘记写do,当划线部分是动词加ing
时,在照抄时别忘记写doing.
6、用Which 提问:“定语后置”的提问。
如The girl in the red skirt is my sister.(Which girl is your sister?) The boy with small ears is Wang Bing. (Which boy is Wang Bing?) The man in the study is his father. (Which man is his father?) The man from the USA is his teacher. (Which man is his teacher?)
7、how many+名词复数。
如:I can see five boys in the playground.
How many boys can you see in the playground?
8、在(地方)有什么?应为“What’s+介词短语?”
如: There are many footballs in the playground. What’s in the playground?
9、Who 后面跟的是“一般现在时时态”时,动词要用“第三人称单数形式”
如:Who likes reading books?
Who has a book? *再如:They go to school on foot. Who goes to school on foot?
(当然,如果是现在进行时时态、一般过去时时态、一般将来时时态,只要照句中原来的形式抄即可。) 如:Who can jump?
Who is reading a book?
Who watched TV yesterday evening? Who is going to the zoo?
* Whose后面一般要先跟名词;也可以写好Whose后照抄。 如:This is Helen’s skirt.
Whose skirt is this?(√) Whose is this skirt? (√)
但有时只能用一种。
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如:The skirt is Helen’s .
Whose skirt is the?(ⅹ) Whose is the skirt? (√)
一般划线部分后面有名词,就先在whose后抄好名词,再提前照抄;如果划线部分后面没有名词,最好写好whose后就照抄即可。
10、“改为否定句”:
①只要在am、is、are、can、would.should后加not.
②找不到以上几个,想到do,does直接在动词前加Don’t,Doesn’t.
③*祈使句(以动词开头的句子)的否定句只要在最前面加“Don’t”就可以了。 11、“肯定回答”是Yes,____ .“否定回答”是No,____ .
*Yes,No后面的第一个字要用“人称代词” I、you、he、she、it、we、you、they. *Yes,No后面的第二个字:用什么问,用什么答,否定最后加not; *Yes 后面不能缩略;如:Yes,it is.
*但there be 结构的“肯定回答”是Yes,there is.Yes,there are. “否定回答”是No,there isn’t.No,there aren’t. 12、表格 人称代词(主格) 人称代词宾格 物主 动词、介词后面的人称代词用宾格。
如:follow me;let me;thank you ;hehind him…
13、翻译句子时:①如果陈述句(以句号结尾的)一般是从左往右依次翻译,(地点一般放句子最后);②如果是一般疑问句(以“吗?”结尾的问句),只要把“吗?”遮住,按从左往右翻译,最后把am、is、are、can、would、should.do.does提前;③如果是特殊疑问句,先把特殊疑问词写好,再按一般疑问句的顺序做即可。
14、*一般,我们在回答问题时,都要用人称代词来开头。 如:Where’s your mother?She’s at home.
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My your his her (她的) its our your I (我) you (你) he (他) she (她) it we you they 它们) (它) (我们) (你们) (他们、她们、me (我) you him her (她) it us you them 它们) their 它们的) (你) (他) (它) (我们) (你们) (他们、她们、代词 (我的) (你的) (他的) (它的) (我们的) (你们的) (他们的、她们的、4
15. “十六分之一”:my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their,a,an,the,this,that,these,those,XXX’s,只能用一个。
① 在介词短语中,一般用介词(如in ,on, hehind,under,beside)+the+地点 。其中
的the 可以用“十六分之一”中的一个,但不可以重复使用。如:in the desk,
on your book,hehind the door,under this chair….不能说in the my desk (x)。 ② 在“名词”前这16个也只能用“十六分之一”。如:my pencil, his ruler,即使想说如“我的这支书包”,只能说“my schoolbag”,而不能说 “my this schoolbag”(是错的)。
*介词有哪些(小学里涉及到的): in, at, on, beside, near, from, to, under, behind ,by, down,
about, before, after, for, with, of,between(在…(两者)之间)等。
16.like 的用法:
①like+名词(可数) 名词要用复数,表示某一类东西。如: I like apples.(表示我喜欢苹果这类东西)
②like+名词(不可数)没办法变复数。如:I like rice.
③还有几种特殊情况,如季节、颜色、学科,只要用单数。如:I like spring. I like black. I like English.
④当然,也可以特指某样东西。如:I like the kite.
⑤like+动词ing 动词要变成“动名词”(+ing)。如:
I like watching TV.(直接加ing)
They like swimming.(双写最后一个字母,再加ing) We like having(吃) hot dogs. (去e加ing) ⑥ 还有一种用法:like+to+动词原形 如:They like to swim. 双写最后一个字母,再加ing:
swim -- swimming 游泳 run -- running 跑 jog—jogging 慢跑 sit -- sitting 坐
put-- putting 放 get -- getting 得到,获得 shop --shopping 购物 begin -- beginning 开始 stop -- stopping 停止
*有2个单词的动名词要记一下:eat---eating;see----seeing
17.would like(want) 的用法:
①would like+名词,直接加。如:I would like a sweet.
②would like+to+动词, 动词前面要加to 如:I would like to eat a sweet.
③would like和want两者之间的不同:want随人称的变化而变化,would like 不随人称的变化而变化。如:She wants to run; She would like to run.
.改为一般疑问句:前者为:Does she want to run?后者为:Would she like to run?
18.have的几种意思:
①有. 如:I have a book.
②吃、喝. 如: Have some rice,Mike.
③得了(病).如:I have a cold.(我感冒了。) ④举办 如:have a party
⑤上 如:We are having an English lesson.
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19.with的几种意思:
①长着 如:The girl with a big mouth is my sister.
②和 如:We like playing table tennis with our friends. ③带有…如:the cake with a lot of grapes ④用 如:I eat with chopsticks. 20.in 的几种意思:
①用?表达 如:What’s this in English? ②在?里 如:The book is in the school bag. ③穿着 如:The girl in yellow is Nancy.
21.反义词(对应词):
morning—afternoon my----your white--black father—mother brother—sister uncle(舅舅)--aunt dad—mum grandma--grandpa this----that big—small hot—cold(冷的) summer---winter boy-girl(女孩) shirt---blouse(女衬衫) these(这些)—those go---come(来) close-----open(开) right(对的)---wrong(错的) I(我)---you(你) sit(坐)----stand(站) in--- out(在?外面) up(向上)---down(向下)
Mrs(夫人)---Mr(先生) new(,young新的)—old(旧的,老的) sit down--- stand up put on(穿上)—take off(脱下) long(长的)---short(短的) on---under
eat—drink from(来自)---to(去) here---there tall(高的)—short(矮的) early---late hard--soft
hungry---full(饱的) behind---in front of push(推)--pull(拉) prince--princess good--bad behind--in front of
near近的---far(from)远的 get on(上车)---get off (下车) get in(上小型车)---get out (下车) left(左)--right full(满的)-empty(空的) full(饱的)--hungry busy(忙的)--free(空闲的) yummy-yucky
happy---sad/angry ask---answer
22.近义词:
good(好的)—well—fine--OK love(喜爱)—like(喜欢) student—pupil (小学生) lovely(可爱的)----cute desk(课桌)—table(饭桌,桌子) hello(你好)--hi small—little(小的,一般形容有生命的东西) OK(好的)—all right
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