Presentation (1)
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Average
Adj. 平均的 average tax rate 平均税率
正常的 children of above/below average intelligence N 平均数 The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6.
Parents spend an average of $220 a year on toys. 平均水平，一般水准
Temperatures are above/below average for the time of year. Class sizes in the school are below the national average. V 计算出……的平均数；平均为
Economic growth is expected to average 2% next year.
Fight V
1. 打仗、战斗fight against somebody My grandfather fought against the Fascists in Spain.
fight somebody/something to fight a war/battle 2. 打斗、打架 My brothers are always fighting. 3. 努力争取；为…而斗争 fight for freedom
4. 争辩 It's a trivial matter and not worth fighting about. N
1. 战斗 the fight for Sh
2. 打斗 He got into a fight with a man in the bar. 3. 为…的斗争 a fight for survival 4. 争辩 We had a fight over money.
Factor 因素 a key factor Adj
alive、live、living都有“活的、有生命的”意思，与dead意义相反。 （1）live通常只作前置定语，且一般用于动物；
（2）alive、living不仅可作定语（alive只能置于名词后；living一般置于名词前，也可置于名词后），也可以作表语。 如： This is a live(=living) fish.(=This is a fish alive.) 这是一条活鱼。（指动物，且作定语时，三者均可用）
Who's the greatest man alive(=living man)? 谁是当今最伟大的人物？（指人，不能用live） The fish is still alive(=living) 那条鱼还活着。（指动物作表语时不能用live）。
（3）living主要指在某个时候是活着的，而alive指本来有死的可能，但仍活着的。 作主语补足语或宾语补足语时，只能用alive；
作比喻义（如“活像。。。”、“活生生的”等）解时，要用living。
如： The enemy officer was caught alive.(作主语补足语，不用living） 那位敌方军官被活捉了。
We found the snake alive.(作宾语补足语，不用living） 我们发现活着的蛇 He is the living image of his father.(比喻义，不用alive） 他活象他父亲。 （4）只有living前加the方可表示“活着的人”，作主语时，视作复数。
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如： The living are more important to us than the dead. 活着的人对我们来说比死去的人更重要。
【2】lively 有“活泼的、快活的、生动的”等意思，可以指人或物，可作定语或表语；但它没有“活着的”意思，而其他三个都有。
如： Young children are usually lively. 小孩子们通常是活泼的。 He told a very lively story. 他讲了一个生动的故事。
Alive 1.只能置于名词后Doctors kept the baby alive for six weeks. stay alive 2. 有生气；有活力full of emotion, excitement alive (with something) Her eyes were alive with interest. 3. 继续存在 to keep a tradition alive
Living 活着的alive now all living things the finest living pianist The elephant is the biggest living land animal. 在使用的 living languages (= those still spoken)
Live 1. 活的not dead live animals通常只作前置定语，且一般用于动物 2. 现场直播的，现场演出的非录制的
Lively 1. 精力充沛的；生气勃勃的；活跃热情的Her eyes were bright and lively. 2. 充满趣味的；令人兴奋的 a lively debate Exchange V
1. 交流，交换 to exchange ideas/news/information
2. 兑换；交易 exchange A for B You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel.N
1. c.u 交换；互换；交流
The exchange of prisoners took place this morning.
I buy you lunch and you fix my computer. Is that a fair exchange? Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera? I'll type your report if you'll babysit in exchange. 2. c.交谈；对话
The Prime Minister was involved in a heated exchange with Opposition MPs 3. u.兑换；汇兑
Where can I find the best exchange rate/rate of exchange?
Replace
1. 替代，取代The new design will eventually replace all existing models. 2. 替换He will be difficult to replace when he leaves.
It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks. 3. 更换；更新All the old carpets need replacing. Replacement
替换the replacement of worn car parts
替代品If your passport is stolen you should apply for a replacement immediately. （尤指工作中的）替代者 a replacement for Sue
Key points:
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1. hardly \\ hard
hardly adv.: 几乎不 It hardly snows here in winter.
hard adv 努力地；剧烈地：work hard; rain hard；try hard adj 坚固的；困难的： hard life；it is hard to do… 2. living things 生物
3. on the end of 在……末端 ：on the end of the pencil
at the end of 在……尽头：at the end of August; at the end of the street at the bottom of 在……底部 in the middle of 在……中间
4. thank sb. for sh. be thankful to sb. 5. release ……into
6. as well as（强调前者，就远） not only…but also（强调后者，就近） 7. protect… by doing sth; protect…from doing; protect… against sth. 8. join… together
9. one another = each other互相 10. in danger 11. what else…？
12. enough+名词；形容词+enough 13. science; scientist; scientific
Encyclopedias, history books and________ books are non-fiction books.
We should learn the_______ on farming.
Quite a lot of Chinese_______ work on the South Pole.
Scientific; science; scientists 14. keep（保留；保持）用法
(1) keep…+doing e.g. He kept me waiting for half an hour.
(2) keep…+表状态的词 Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open. （少说话，多观察。）Please keep quiet. (3）keep构成的一些短语
keep (sb.) away (from sth.)（使）某人离开（某物） keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 keep sth. in mind 记住（某事物） keep in touch with 与……保持联系 keep (on) doing sth. 继续做某事 keep off 远离，避开，让开 keep up with 跟上，不落在后面 keep one’s promise遵守诺言
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Focused Practice (1)
Ⅰ.Choose the best answer：
1. Each worker is provided______ a bar of soap before they go to the factory canteen.
A. to B. with C. of D. in
2. This morning Mum made me ______ my shoes because they were too dirty.
A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
3. The government warned some factories ______ the water again, or they will be punished.
A. pollute B. to pollute C. not pollute D. not to pollute 4. We should try our best to fight _____ pollution.
A. to B. for C. of D. against 5. People all over the world are thankful ______ the Red Cross organization.
A. for B. with C. to D. by 6. The law should stop factories _______ producing harmful gases.
A. by B. in C. with D. from 7. Who______ this paint brush_______?
A. does; belong to B. is; belong to C. is; belonging to D. has; belong to 8. Mary works______ on weekdays, but she ______ works on weekends.
A. hardly; hard B. hard; hardly C. harder; hard D. hardly; harder 9. This kind of _______ is very expensive.
A. produce B. goods C. product D. subject 10. Have you finished your_______ homework?
A. chemical B. chemistry C. chemical’s D. chemistry’s 1-5 BADDC 6-10DABCB
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