making the same claim to authority as boys and men, but that is very different from
saying that they are trying to be ―masculine.‖ Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls
nowadays are using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to compete
with boys in schools and out. Social change also brings not simply different positions for
women and girls, but different relations to life stages, and adolescent girls are
participating in new subcultural forms. Thus what may, to an older speaker, seem like
―masculine‖ speech may seem to an adolescent like ―liberated‖ or ―hip‖ speech.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
57. The first paragraph describes in detail ________.
A) the standards set for contemporary Japanese women
B) the Confucian influence on gender norms in Japan
C) the stereotyped role of women in Japanese families
D) the norms for traditional Japanese women to follow
58. What change has been observed in today’s young Japanese women?
A) They pay less attention to their linguistic behavior.
B) The use fewer of the deferential linguistic forms.
C) They confuse male and female forms of language.
D) They employ very strong linguistic expressions.
59. How do some people react to women’s appropriation of men’s language forms as
reported in the Japanese media?
A) They call for a campaign to stop the defeminization.
B) The see it as an expression of women’s sentiment.
C) They accept it as a modern trend.
D) They express strong disapproval.
60. According to Yoshiko Matsumoto, the linguistic behavior observed in today’s young
women ________.
A) may lead to changes in social relations
B) has been true of all past generations
C) is viewed as a sign of their maturity
D) is a result of rapid social progress
61. The author believes that the use of assertive language by young Japanese women is
________.
A) a sure sign of their defeminization and maturation
B) an indication of their defiance against social change