电大本科汉语言文学《文论专题》复习试题及答案参考资料小抄
试卷代号：1250
中央广播电视大学2010-2011学年度第一学期“开放本科”期末考试文论专题试题答案及评分标准
（供参考）
一、单选题（每小题2分，共20分）
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D6．D 7．A 8．C 9．B10.A
二、简答题（每小题12分，共36分）
11.诗歌的形象要具体、生动、不浮泛，仿佛是读者可以触摸得到的，亦即“近而不浮”；
（4分）在具体、生动、可感的形象中还要有丰富的蕴藉，所抒发的情感含而不露，只可意会而不可言传，能让读者愈读愈有发现，愈读愈有味道，亦即“远而不尽”。（4分）
结合作品4分。
12.简要说明李渔的戏曲结构的四点具体主张。第一、“立主脑”（3分）
第二、“减头绪”（3分）第三、“脱窠臼”（3分）第四、“密针线”（3分）13.韦勒克、沃伦关于评价文学的具体标准有哪些内容？
第一包容性或多样性。（4分）第二连惯性。（4分）
第三建立在经验事实上的世界观。（4分）三、论述题（每题22分，共44分）
14.小说是“因文生事”，其所写之“事”全是出于美文的需要而虚构出来的，它可真可假，可以是历史的事实也可以是作家在概括生活材料的基础上发明创造出来的。（6分）
小说的虚构特质可以从“因文生事”中的“文”和“事”两点来谈。先说“事”。小说所写之事属于艺术真实的范畴，它不同于历史真实，艺术真实要求作者根据主题、结构、人物形象等的需要，遵循艺术创作规律，发挥作家的主观能动性去虚构和编织故事情节。这是第一层意思：事为虚构；（8分）
第二层意思，即事为文生。小说的“事”是手段，“文”是目的，作者的虚构之“事”实际上是为审美之“文”服务的。（8分）
15．(1)调动和激发读者的想象；
(2)空白是潜在于本文中的结构模式；
(3)空白在文学交流活动中发挥着自我调节的结构作用；
(4)空白是存在于本文和读者之间的相互作用的一种基本成分。（每个要点4分，阐述6分）
（简答题与论述逝学生的回答只要能够围绕要点组织答案，且能够言之有理，持之有据即可以给相应分数。）Visa-free policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu's 72-hour visa-free policy has attracted wide attention from both Chinese and foreign experts and businessmen since it took effect on Sept 1 last year. The program permits citizens from 51 countries and regions including the United States, Australia, Canada and Japan who have valid visas and flight tickets to a third country to spend three days in the city. The capital of Sichuan province is the first city in the western region of China to offer foreign tourists a three-day visa and the fourth nationwide to adopt the policy following Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. Li Zhiyong, deputy dean of the tourism institute at Sichuan University, said the move "contributes to a large increase in the number of overseas tourists and raises the city's level of internationalization". "The policy will also bring direct economic revenue," Li said. "Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world's largest breeding and research center. Three days are long enough for foreign visitors to visit those iconic tourist spots," he noted. The city is home to the remains of the Jin sha civilization that dates back more than 3,000 years as well as the Qing cheng Mountains and the Du jiang yan irrigation system. Qing cheng has long been recognized as the birthplace of Taoism, China's ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning water-control project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year.But, Li added that efforts are still needed to
develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. "A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods," she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. "My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before," she said. "But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second
hometown," she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the
72-hour visa-free policy and compelling conditions in transportation, culture,
climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A
spokesman from Dell Inc said the company has a global hub of operation in
Chengdu, so the three-day visa "has an immediate and positive influence on the
company's business development". Rudy Buttignol, president of the public broadcasting company in British Columbia,
Canada, said his work requires frequent travel to Chengdu and the policy "makes the trips easier". Data from the city's public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72-hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million