这种情况下可以反映假设相似而不同。当与人交流从另一种文化,一个是可能认为和对待他人是“他的人”,认为必须有做事的方法只有一个:这是“他的方式”。在这种情况下,丹麦女人假定她独自离开孩子的行为,这是常见的在丹麦,在纽约也合适。这里,她认为什么是适合自己的文化在另一种文化也是毋庸置疑的。这就是为什么会发生小冲突。
Case 23:
Girl-ness
This case can reflect one of the translation problems: the lack of conceptual equivalence, which refers to abstract ideas that may not exist in the same fashion in different languages. Different cultures may attach different meanings to the same thing or person. Concerning this case, we should know what young females call themselves is very different in China from the States. In China, "girl" means someone who is young and single. In a way, it makes a female sound more desirable to be called a girl rather than a woman. For most people, "woman" means someone who is married and who probably is not young. In fact, most single Chinese females, such as university students, would be insulted to be called "women". While in the West, in formal, public settings, it is customary to call any woman who is past puberty a woman, even though she may not be legally old enough to vote, marry, purchase alcoholic beverages, drive a car, or sign a contract. This terminology became widespread during the "women's liberation movement in the 1960s". The term "'girl" is sometimes interpreted to be demeaning or disrespectful.
girl-ness
这种情况下可以反映出一个翻译问题:缺乏概念的等价性,指的是抽象的概念,在不同的语言中不存在的以相同的方式。不同的文化含义是不同的同一件事或人。关于这种情况,我们应该知道什么是年轻女性自称从美国在中国非常不同。在中国,“女孩”意味着年轻和单身的人。在某种程度上,它让女性声音更可取的被称为一个女孩而不是女人。对大多数人来说,“女人”是指结婚的人谁可能不年轻。事实上,大多数中国单身女性,如大学生、会侮辱了被称为“女人”。而在西方,在正式、公共设置,按照惯例打电话给任何女人过去的青春期女性,尽管她可能不是合法投票年龄,结婚,购买酒精饮料,开车,或签订合同。这个术语普及在“1960年代的妇女解放运动”。“女孩”一词有时被解释为是贬低或无礼。
Case 25:
Success Story
One of the sources of the frustration and misunderstandings that occurred in this case was different notions of what was verbally relevant. In this case, Mary was expecting a much more direct response to her question. Ms. Goshima, however, was uncomfortable with the question and felt her response should be very indirect and establish a proper sense of modesty before revealing the answer to the question. If Mary had been more patient, she would have eventually heard the answer to her question, but she was not really paying attention when it finally came because she felt that Ms. Goshima's comments weren't really relevant to her query.
成功的故事
挫折和误解的来源之一,在这种情况下发生不同的口头的观念有关。在这种情况下,玛丽在等更直接回应她的问题。Goshima女士是不舒服的问题,觉得她的反应应该非常间接,建立适当的谦逊的品质在暴露的问题的答案。如果玛丽更有耐心,最终她会听见她的问题的答案,但她没有注意的时候终于到了,因为她觉得Goshima女士对她的评论并不真正相关查询。
Case 33:
Are Americans Indifferent?
This case can reflect different nonverbal communication patterns exist in the actual intercultural communication, especially facial expression differ according to different cultures.