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/--//是ch的发音，//是dge的发音。舌端齿龈破擦辅音。发音时舌身抬高，舌端抵上齿龈后部，气流通过时发出破擦音。//是清辅音，声带不振动；//是浊辅音，声带振动。
/ts/ /dz/传统的国际音标读音符号，新课本中美式、英式读音都没将其包括在内，破擦音/ts/、/dz/分别是字母组合ts和ds的读音。舌端齿龈破擦辅音。舌端先贴住齿龈，堵住气流，然后略下降，气流送出口腔。/ts/是清辅音，/dz/是浊辅音。
/tr/ /dr/传统的国际音标读音符号。新课本中美式、英式读音都没将其包括在内。/tr/、/dr/分别是tr、dr的发音。齿龈后部破擦辅音。发音时舌身与/r/相似，舌尖贴齿龈后部，气流冲破阻碍发出短促的/t/后立即发/r/。/tr/是清辅音，/dr/是浊辅音。
[i:]字母组合 ee ea e ie --three tree green sheep meet beef see seek eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean piece
[æ]发音字母 a--bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man
[e]字母组合 ea e a--head bread pleasure elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes many any []字母组合ir ur ear er or--girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger learn earn earth heard
[ε]字母组合 er or ou ar o a e u--teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder doctor actor mayor author tractor delicious gracious pleasure familiar collar dollar together tomorrow today lesson control around account ago elephant manta banana Canada
[a:] 字母组合 ar a--car farm card arm garden fast class last glass plant aunt calm []发音字母 u o ou oo--up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus come mother dose brother love above trouble rough flourish blood flood []字母组合 al or au our ar--small wall talk tall hall ball call walk short more lord horse