1 Table 4: The top ten imports 243 Manufactures - Elaborately transformed - Engineering
products 2 244 Manufactures - Elaborately transformed - Other
3 113 Primary products - Unprocessed - Fuels
4 242 Manufactures - Elaborately transformed - Chemicals &
other semi-manufactures
5 123 Primary products - Processed - Fuels
6 121 Primary products - Processed - Food
7 232 Manufactures - Simply transformed - Chemicals &
other semi-manufactures
8 241 Manufactures - Elaborately transformed - Mineral
manufactures & metals
9 304 Other goods - Confidential trade
10 302 Other goods - Non-monetary gold Source: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade FY2014 (Sum of A$000) 100738955.85 36796720.47 22761136.58 21472357.31 20831400.54 12992873.30 10633791.79 5861437.04 5797682.92 4767299.94
Types of trade barriers in these key sectors
1. Tariff barriers
Tariff is executed by the custom and based on the cargoes imported and exported. Tariff
rates specified by the nation's highest administrative unit.
2. No-tariffbarriers
Database from UNCTAD Trade Analysis (2005) contains the most comprehensive information
of no-tariff barriers. It refines them in six aspects.
Quantity control methods (quota)
Price control methods
Finance methods
Automatic licensing methods
Monopolistic methods
Technical methods
As for primary products,fuels and food are the two in the top ten import. They are regulated
by tariff, price control method, quota, technical methods. For example, when importing vegetable,
there can be tariff imposed, an import amount that must obey, a price that must higher than and
the origin rules and quarantine rules such as stifling and no parasite that must obey.
As for Manufactures, engineering products, chemicals and mineral manufacturesare the
three in the top ten import, and they are often regulated by finance methods, quota, automatic
licensing methods and technical methods. For instance, when importing manufactures, you may
not get the loan from bank, or be constrained by the quota, or do not have license for import, or
the manufactures do not match the technical requirement.