hours, however, the results are striking: Their interest in school is generated anew. This then is good news: The negative effects of working on schooling are not permanent.
虽说一开始确实是学习兴趣不大的学生更容易长时间地打工，但是打工看起来会让他们原本勉强的学习状况变得更糟。换言之，随着时间的推移，学生打工时间越长，他们对学习的投入就越少。但是，当学生退出打工队伍或者减少打工时间后，结果也引人注目：他们对学习的兴趣被重新激发起来。所以，这是个好消息，即打工对学习的负面影响并非是永久性的。We uncovered numerous explanations for the undesirable effects of working on students' engagement in school. First, owing to their demanding work schedule, working students have less time to devote to school assignments. One common response to this time pressure is that they cut corners by taking easier classes, copying assignments from other students, cutting class, or refusing to do work assigned by their teachers. Over time, as these become established practices, students' commitment to school is eroded bit by bit.
我们发现了打工对学生学习参与度产生负面影响的很多种原因。首先，由于紧张的打工日程，打工的学生用来完成学校作业的时间就减少了。面临这样的时间压力，打工学生一个普遍的应付办法就是偷懒，比如选择较容易的课程、抄袭其他学生的作业、逃课或者不做老师布臵的作业。时间一长，当这些变成习以为常的做法以后，学生对学习的投入也就一点一点地减少。
Second, in order to work 20 hours or more each week, many students must work evenings. Evening work interferes not only with doing homework, but with both sleep and diet. Studies show that working students get less rest and eat less healthy meals than non-working students. Burning the midnight oil makes working teenagers more tired in school. Teachers frequently complain about working students falling asleep in class. Nearly a third of the students in our study said they were frequently too tired from work to do their homework.
第二，为了每周能打工20 个小时或更长时间，许多学生必须要在晚上工作。晚上工作不仅影响做作业，而且影响睡眠和饮食。研究表明，与不打工的学生相比，打工学生的休息时间更少，饮食也不够健康。熬夜让打工的青少年在学校时感觉更疲倦。老师们经常抱怨打工学生在课堂上睡觉。在我们的调查中，将近三分之一的学生说，他们经常因打工太累而不做作业。
Third, it appears that the excitement of earning large amounts of spending money makes school seem less rewarding and interesting.
第三，挣到数量可观的零花钱所带来的兴奋感似乎让上学显得没意义和乏味。
Although mind-wandering during school is characteristic of young adults, working students report significantly more of it than non-workers. Indeed, the rush from earning and spending money may be so strong that students who have a history of intensive employment, those who, for example, have been working long hours since their second year, are actually at greater risk than their classmates of dropping out before graduating.
虽说在学校学习时心不在焉是年轻人的通病，但是据反映，打工的学生比不打工的学生在这方面表现得更为糟糕。事实上，赚钱和花钱带来的快感也许过于强烈，以至于有长时间打工史的学生，比如从大二开始就长时间打工的学生，实际上比其他同学面临更大的辍学风险。Finally, working long hours can be associated with increased alcohol and drug