Page4of8Beatty&Provan—ClonaldiversityinH.monotropa
TABLE1.Numberofplants(N)foundineachpopulationofH.monotropaoversuccessiveyears
N
Bothyears
CountyLocationGridRef.PopulationYear1*Year2 MLGs%inboth
Populationsize§
Co.Antrim
Straidkilly
D297156S176(59)87(82)9540127D297156S249(35)42(34)445748D297156S39(8)3(3)8388D297156S41111001Co.FermanaghCastleCaldwell
H013603CC11–––NCH018605CC26(6)9(7)94411H017605CC310(8)8(5)94410H017605CC42(2)–––NCH024606CC55(4)8(5)5805H025607CC62(2)12502CorrelGlenH074546CG119(4)4259H075546CG21–––NCElyLodge
H176526EL126(23)11(9)243326H176520EL216(15)4(4)152715H181515EL35(5)19(13)152022H184514EL413(13)14(11)138513H184514EL52(2)–––NCH178518EL6–2(1)––NCH181517EL7–1––NCH180515EL8–2(2)––NCKnockninny
H272303
K1
2(1)
–
–
–
NC
Figuresinparenthesesindicatenumberofdistinctmulti-locusgenotypes(MLGs)inpopulationswithmorethanasingleindividual.NC,Notcalculated.
*
2007forCo.Fermanaghpopulations,2009forCo.Antrimpopulations.
2008forCo.Fermanaghpopulations,2010forCo.Antrimpopulations.§
PercentageoftotalMLGsfoundinbothyears.Basedoncapture–recapturecalculation(seeMaterialsandmethods).
TABLE2.Hypopitysmonotropamicrosatelliteprimersdevelopedforthisstudy
LocusRepeatPrimers
SizerangeMHNSSR108(GA)8
ACATTTGGGAAAATGGGAGA130–146bpTTCAATGGCACGTCTTACACAMHNSSR119Complex(GA)GGAAGTTTCTCCATCCAGGTT146–180bpAGCAATCAAAACCAGGACCAMHNSSR135
(AG)8
CGGTTTCAGGAAACAAAACC126–148bp
TTGTCCGGGAATTCTCTCTC
carriedouttodeterminethelevelsofgeneticdifferentiationElyLodgepopulationEL3,andadecreasefrom16tofourbetweenpopulationswithinalocation.
spikesinElyLodgepopulationEL2.
Betweentenand23alleleswere.detectedattheeightmicro-RESULTS
satellitelocianalysed(mean¼1475).AllidenticalMLGshadPGENvaluesof,0.001,con rmingthattheyaroseviaasexualThepresentoccurrenceofHypopitysmonotropainNorthernreproduction.Identi cationofclonematesbasedonidenticalIrelandwouldappeartoberestrictedtofourlocationsinCo.MLGsindicatedthatthelevelsofclonalreproductionwereFermanagh(CastleCaldwell,CorrelGlen,ElyLodgeandgenerallylow,withameanofonly14.45%ofclonalindivid-Knockninny)andonelocationinCo.Antrim(Straidkilly),uals(Table1).IdenticalMLGswerealwayshighlyspatiallyalthoughtheKnockninnypopulationwasnotfoundinthestructuredandgenerallysmall(Figs2and3;alsoseeFigssecondyearofsurveying.ThepopulationrecordedfromS1–S25inSupplementarydataavailableonline).Usually,ErrigalBanks,Co.Londonderrywasnotfoundineitheroftheseinvolvedpairsofclonemateswithin10cmofeachtheyearssurveyedandismostlikelynowextinct.other,althoughlargerclonesweredetected[e.g. verametsPopulationstendedtobeverysmall,generallywithlessthanspanning40cm(StraidkillypopulationS1,2009;Fig.2)andtenspikesperpatch,althoughtwolargepopulationsweretwoidenticalMLGsseparatedby60cmwithnointerveningfoundinStraidkillyinboth2009and2010(Table1).Somespikes(ElyLodgepopulationEL2,2007;Fig.3)].Intotal,notablechangesinpopulationsizewereobservedoversucces-38MLGswererepresentedbytworamets,12bythreesiveyears,includinggrowthfromasinglespiketoninespikesrametsandtwoeachbyfourand veramets.ThepercentageinCorrelGlenpopulationCG1andfrom veto19spikesinofMLGspersistinginapopulationacrossbothyearsof
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