辅助刺激分子和趋化因子受体表达上调，但需要CD40信号的协同作用，而对免疫球蛋白和IL-6、IL-10等细胞因子产生的诱导作用需要CD40信号或pDC信号的协助。 二、
展望
TLR的发现使人们对B细胞上TLRs信号在自身免疫病和癌症等多种疾病过程中的作用机制有了更全面的认识：外源性和内源性致病原可通过TLRs调节B细胞发育和生物学功能。TLR4能通过IRAK4途径参与天然免疫和获得性免疫[10]。TLRs的作用引起了人们极大的关注，目前研究集中于自身免疫性疾病和病毒性疾病的研究中[11]。以TLRs为靶点，直接或间接调节B细胞的发育和体液免疫功能，为自身免疫病和肿瘤等炎性疾病提供了新的免疫治疗途径和方法。
参考文献
1. Heine H, Ulmer A J, Recognition of bacterial products by toll-like receptors. Chem Immunol Allergy, 2005, 86: 99-119.
2. Seitz M. Foil like receptors: sensors of the innate immune systern. Allergy, 2006, 58(12): 1217-1229.
3. Bernasconi NL, Onai N, Lanzavecchia A. A role for Toll-like receptors in acquired immunity: up-regulation of TLR9 by BCR triggering in nai- ve B cells and constitutive expression in memory B cells. Blood, 2006, 101: 4500-4504.
4. Bekeredjian, Ding IB, Wagner M, Hornung V, et a1. Plasmacy-toid Dendritic Cells Control TLR7 Sensitivity of Naive BCells via Type I IFN. J Immunol, 2005, 174: 4043-4050. 5. Cohen SM, Nussbaum G, Pevsner FM, et a1. Heat shock protein 60 activates B cells via the TLR4-MyD88pathway. J Immunol, 2005, 175: 3594-3602.
6. Leminers B, Salmena I, Bid~re N, et a1. Essential role for Caspase-8 in To11-likereceptors and NFkappaB signaling. J Biol Chem, 2007, 282: 7416-7423.
7. Ruprecht C, Lanzavecchia A. Toll-like receptor stimulation as a third signal required for activation of human naive B cells. Eur J Immuno12006, 36: 8l0-816.
8. Lau CM, Broughton C, Tabor AS, et a1. RNA-associated Autoa ntigens activate B cells by combined B cell antigen receptor Toll-like receptor 7 engagement. J Exp Med, 2005, 202: 1171-1177.
- 6 -
9. Liang W, Lederm an MM, Harding CV, et a1. TLR9 stimu-lation drives naYve B cells to proliferate and to attain enhanced antig en presenting function. Eur J Immunol, 2007, 37: 2205-2213.
10. Lye E, Dhanji S, Calzascia T, eta1. IRAK-4 kinase activity is required for
IRAK-‘4-’dependent innate and adaptive immune responses. Eur J Immuno1, 2008, 38(3): 870-876.
11. Trumpfheller C, Caskey M, Nchinda G, et a1. The microbial mimic poly IC induces durable and protective CD4+ T cell immunity together with a dendritic cell targeted vaccine. Proc NatlAcad Sci USA, 2008, 105(7): 2574-2579.
- 7 -