常见的翻译技巧
一、词义的多样性表达 1、一个单词多种表达
2、多个词表达一个意思，如表达“死”
除此之外，还有多个词翻译成一个意思（主要指英译汉），不再具体讲。 3、几个单词 二、增减词
增词：原文意思在，表达不清楚，英文中如果不增词，就表达不够完整 减词：原文中表达意思的词在，如果汉语中不把词减去的话，显得累赘 如色狼：wolf 不能说color wolf （一）添词例子： 确保正确，不是100％必须
添加解释说明性文字，添加必须性文字(重点)。
1、Mr. Edwards and Mr. Cheney offered a striking contrast in appearance as they sat side by side, with Mr. Cheney looking his 63 years and Mr. Edwards looking less than his 51.
来自《纽约时报》：爱得华兹先生与切尼先生并排就座时，外表殊为不同，切尼先生看上去与实际年龄63岁相仿，而爱得华兹先生看上去比实际年龄51岁年轻。 2、This great scientist was born in New England.
这位伟大的科学家出生于美国东北部的新英格兰。
3、Those were the words that were to make the world blossom for me, “like Aaron’s rod, with flowers.” (high priest)
were to表示将来；Aaron是摩西的兄弟
正是这几句话，日后让整个世界在我面前如花展开，就像《圣经》中所说的“亚伦的杖开了花”。（来自美国的海伦凯勒） 4、三个臭皮匠，抵个诸葛亮 Two heads are better than one.
The wit of three cobblers surpasses that of Zhuge Liang, the master mind. (civic pride) 5、班门弄斧
to teach fish to swim; to teach the old granny to suck eggs
to show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter 阴: negative aspect of things
（二）减词例子： 减去解释说明性文字
减去原文有、不减难受的词，减去必须性，必须减。
1、According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years).
英国电信的未来学家Ian Pearson认为，这些成就预计将出现在新千年头几十年之中。 2、We take this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make prompt shipment of the merchandise.
告诉你们，可以立即装船。
3、大会准备工作正在紧张有序地进行。
The preparations for the conference are underway in a busy but ordering manner. 4、失业问题一直是我们工作的中心。
The (issue of) unemployment has always been the centre/focus of our work. 三、汉语四字格的使用 只针对英译汉
1. Even the most beautiful became bent and toothless, their dark clothes smelling, as the mamma’s did, of smoke and manure.
即使绝色佳人也会弯腰驼背 、皓齿尽落，一身皂衣，如同奶妈的衣服一样，全是烟味，臭气熏人。
2. On this battle rests the fate of our nation. Let every man do his utmost. 民族命运决于此役，凡我士兵必须奋力抗敌。
3. Drew Pearson, a thirty-four-year-old reporter, described them as “ragged, weary, and apathetic,” with “no
hope on their faces.”
Drew Pearson，一位34岁的记者，表述他们时说，他们衣衫褴缕，疲惫不堪、冷漠无情，一脸绝望。 4. To Henry Kissinger, for whose wise counsel and dedicated services far beyond the call of duty I shall always remain grateful.
致Henry Kissinger，精于良言、鞠躬尽瘁、逾于所司，永至不忘。
5. a world of difference, take a risk in desperation, await with great anxiety, decline with all sorts
of excuses
天壤之别、铤而走险（孤注一掷）、翘首以待（望穿秋水）、百般推辞
四、词性的转换
(一) 一般情况下：汉语动词用的多，英语名词用的多，汉译英，动词转名词；英译汉，名词转动词
1. 绝对不允许违反这个原则。
Violation of the principle should never be allowed/tolerated. 2. 坚持一个中国的原则是实现和平统一的基础与前提。
Adherence to the “One-China” policy should serve as the basis and prerequisite for peaceful reunification.
3. Everyone was away on holiday. 每个人都出去度假。
4. He came to my home for help. 他到我家来请求帮助。
5. I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood. 我非常感谢我的父亲，因为在我还是小孩子的时候，他就不停的鼓励我。 （二）单词介绍：apathetic describe
1、“a”表示“无”如：: atheist 无神论者, amoral/immoral 无关道德的/没有道德的, atypical pneumonia 非典, SARS: severe acute respiratory syndrome, 严重的呼吸道传染综合症 2、“path”表示情感: sympathy 同情, antipathy 反感, empathy 可以将心比心的理解他人, pathology, 病理学
3、“scribe”表示写: prescribe 开处方, script 文字资料、脚本, scripture 宗教经典, scribble 乱涂乱划, postscript 附言（商业信函中禁用）, inscribe 刻, inscription 碑铭, subscribe 订阅, manuscript 手稿, 五、表达法的正反转换
原文肯定，翻译后为“不+否定”，有意想不到的效果，如：语气缓和或汉语中没有此种表达方法
1. Wet paint. 油漆未干
2. Keep upright. (Handle with care.) 切勿倒置（小心轻放） 3. Admission by invitation only. 非请莫入
4. If it rains in Cleveland today, volunteers will stand in lines with umbrellas to keep voters dry. 如果今天克里弗兰下雨，志愿者将打着伞排着队，以免选民淋湿。
5. If any mater should be added after this contract comes into force, then such a matter shall be agreed upon by
both sides through friendly consultations and confirmed by means of exchanging official documents. 本合同生效后如有未尽事宜，须经双方友好协商同意，并交换正式文本以确认 注意：表达法的正反转换要根据具体情况，主要出于两点：1、 表达习惯；2、语气的缓和与加强 六、直译与意译 尽量用直译；
两种情况下不能用直译：1、比喻在一种语言中可以接受，而在另一种语言中不能接受 2、特别具有丰富文化内涵的词 第一种情况的例子
1、drink like a fish形容一个人喝水又多又急，中文形容“牛饮” 2、turn swords into ploughs 化干戈为玉帛 3、pull the chestnut out of the fire 火中取栗
4、天下没有不散的筵席 No feast lasts forever. The best of friends must part.
5、 五十步笑百步 The pot calls the kettle black.
The soldier who retreated fifty paces laughed at the one who had fallen back a hundred paces. 第二种情况的例子
1、You are a clever dog. 你真聪明（狗在汉语中有贬义）
2、Every dog has his day. 三十年河东、三十年河西；凡人皆有得意时 3、In a word, those nonverbal messages speak to hearts, not heads. 总而言之，这些非语言信息是诉之于情感、而非理智。（背景：美国总统大选时对着装等的评价） 七、句子的分与合 （一）合句例子：
1、深圳机场为了方便旅客，设置了四间更衣室。室内设备齐全。
For the convenience of the passengers, Shenzhen Airport has set aside four well-equipped changing rooms.
2、卢嘉川挨近她，情不自禁地握住了她的手。这女孩的热情、大胆和奔向革命的赤诚深深感动了他。
Lu Jiachuan, deeply moved by the girl’s passion, bravery/courage and revolutionary spirit, came up to her and couldn’t help/resist taking her hands.
3、道静气得浑身发抖。她二话没说，立刻向经理辞了职。
Trembling/quivering with anger, Daojing gave the manager immediate notice without saying anything. (注意：gave notice表示辞职，预留准备时间，gave a week’s notice) （二）分句例子：
1、本科生分为四年制和五年制两种，学生毕业考试及格并且通过论文后，即可获得学士学位。
The undergraduate program is either four years or five years. After passing the graduation examinations and defending successfully their graduation theses, the students will be conferred a bachelor’s degree. (conferred表示授予，汉语常用获得) 注意：Bachelor’s degree 学士学位
BA(Bachelor of Arts） 文科学士 BS (Bachelor of Sciences) 理科学士 Master ’s degree 硕士学位 Doctor’s degree 博士学位 Associate Bachelor’s degree 专科学位
Assistant professor 助理教授，不是助教之意 Teaching assistant 助教