Exercise 3 Realism
1. Realism had originated in the country ___France__________ as a literary doctrine that called for “reality and truth” in the depiction of ordinary life. 2. The arbiter of 19th century literary realism in American was William Dean Howells___________. 3. __Henry James_________ probed deeply at the individual psychology of his characters, writing in a rich and intricate style that supported his intense scrutiny of complex human experience.
4. __Mark Twain_________________, breaking out of the narrow limits of local color fiction, described the breadth of American experience as no one had ever done before, or since.
5. Samuel Langhorne Clemens is better known by the pen name Mark Twain. 6. One of Samuel Langhorne Clemens? best books Life on the Mississippi is built around his experiences as a steamboat pilot.
7. The result of Mark Twain?s European trip was a series of newspaper articles, later published as a book called Innocents Abroad. 8. Mark Twin?s work The Mysterious Stranger tells of the visits of an angel to the village Eseldorf in Austria in 1590.
9. William Sidney Porter, whose pen name was O. Henry, was the author of The Cop and the Anthem.
10. Many of O. Henry?s stories tell about the life of poor people in New York. 11. It is said that O. Henry imitated a French author named De Maupassant.(莫泊桑) 12. The title of one of O. Henry?s books The Four Million indicates that he considered all the people of New York City worth writing about, instead of only the upper class.
13. Henry James? first novel is Watch and Ward, which failed to make him famous.
14. The novel which was described by an American critic as “an outrage to American girlhood” is Henry James? Daisy Miller.
15. Henry James is considered the founder of Psychological realism. He believed that reality lies in the impressions made by life on the spectator. 16. Henry James? first important fiction was A passionate Pilgrim, in which he took up for the first time the theme of “ The American in Europe”.
17. In 1881, Henry James published his novel The Portrait of a Lady, which is generally considered as his masterpiece.
18. The name of the heroine in The Portrait of a Lady is Isbel Archer. 19. In 1902 Jack London published his first novel A Daughter of the Snows. 20. Martin Eden is the novel into which Jack London put most of himself. 21. The first novel of Theodore Dreiser is Sister Carrie. 22. Theodore Dreiser?s novel Sister Carrie, a commercial and critical failure when first published in 1900, was reissued in 1907 and won high praise for
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its grim, naturalistic portrayal of American society.
23. Mark Twain?s first novel, The Gilded Age was an artistic failure, but it gave its name to the America of the postbellum period which it attempts to satirize.
24. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was Mark Twain?s masterpiece from which, as Hemingway noted, “all modern American literature comes.”
25. The best work that Mark Twain ever produced is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which was a success from its first publication in 1884, and has always been regarded as one of the great books of western literature and western civilization.
26. Stephen Crane is the pioneer who wrote in the naturalistic tradition.
27. Stephen Crane?s novel Maggi: A Girl of the Streets relates the story of a good woman?s downfall and destruction in a slum environment.
28. War in the novel The Red Badge of Courage by Stephen Crane is a plain slaughter-house. There is nothing like valor or heroism on the battlefield, and if there is anything, it is the fear of death, cowardice, the natural instinct of man to run from danger.
29. Benjamin Frank Norris?s novel McTeague has been called “the first full-bodied naturalistic American novel” and “a consciously naturalistic manifesto”.
30. Jack London?s masterwork Martin Eden is somewhat autobiographical. 31. O. Henry?s The Gift of the Magi is a very moving story of a young couple who sell their best possessions in order to get money for a Christmas present for each other.
32. The protagonist of Theodore Dreiser?s Trilogy of Desire is Frank Cowperwood.
II. Make multiple choices.
1. In the late 19th century, a host of new writers appeared, among them were
_________. A. Bret Harte B. William Dean Howells C. Hamlin Garland D. Mark Twain 2. Influenced by such Europeans as ____________, America?s most noteworthy
new authors established a literature of realism. A. Zola B. Flaubert C. Balzac D. Tolstoy （托尔斯泰） A，B，C French
3. William Dean Howells defined realism as “nothing more and nothing less
than the truthful treatment of material”, and he best exemplified his theories in three novels. Choose them from the following. A. The Modern Instance B. The Rise of Silas Lapham C. A Hazard of New Fortunes
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D. The Prince and the Pauper (Mark Twain)
4. Mark Twain created, in _________ , a masterpiece of American realism that
is also one of the great books of world literature. A. Huckleberry Finn B. Tom Sawyer C. The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg D. The Gilded Age
5. The pessimism and deterministic ideas of naturalism pervaded the works of
such American writers as _________. A. Stephen Crane B. Benjamin Frank Norris C. Jack London D. Henry James E. Theodore Dreiser 6. Although realism and naturalism were products of the 19th century, their final
triumph came in the 20th century, with the popular and critical successes of such writers as __________. A. Edwin Arlington Robinson B. Willa Cather C. Sherwood Anderson D. Robert Frost E. William Faulkner 7. Choose the works written Mark Twain: A. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer B. Innocents Abroad C. Life on the Mississippi D. The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson E. The Prince and the Pauper
8. Mark Twain had led an active life in the very center of the American
experience. He had been a __________. A. printer, pilot, soldier B. silver-minor, gold-washer C. lecturer, traveler, businessman D. novelist, autobiographer 9. Which statements about O. Henry are right? A. He wrote about the poor people. B. His stories are usually short and humorous. C. The plots of his stories are exceedingly clever and interesting. D. The ends of his stories are always surprising. E. Many of his stories contain a great deal of slang and colloquial expressions.
10. Choose the well-known short stories written by William Sidney Porter.
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A. The Gift of the Magi B. An Unfinished Story C. The Furnished Room D. The Voice of the City E. The Cop and the Anthem
11. Choose the novels written by Henry James. A. The American B. Daisy Miller
C. The Portrait of a Lady D. The Tragic Muse E. The Golden Bowl
12. Choose the novel which is not written by Henry James. A. The Ambassadors B. The Wings of the Dove C. The Bostonians
D. The Prince Casamassima
E. The Mysterious Stranger (Mark Twain)
13. Jack London?s sincere intellectual and personal involvement in the socialist movement is recorded in such novels and polemical words as __________.
A. The People of the Abyss B. The Iron Heel C. Revolution
D. The War of the Classes
14. While embracing the socialism of Marx, Jack London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals. This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel __________. A. The Call of the Wild B. The Sea Wolf C. Martin Eden D. The Iron Heel
15. In 1990, Jack London published his first collection of short stories, named ____________.
A. The Son of the Wolf B. The Sea Wolf C. The Law of Life D. White Fang
16. Dreiser?s Trilogy of Desire includes three novels. Find them from the following.
A. The Financier B. The Titan C. The Genius
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D. The Stoic
E. Jennie Gerhardt
17. “The Lure of the Spirit: The Flesh in Pursuit” is the title of one chapter in
Dreiser?s novel _____________. A. An American Tragedy B. Sister Carrie C. Dreiser Looks at Russia D. Jennie Gerhardt
18. The main theme of ___________ The Art of Fiction reveals his literary credo that representation of life should be the main object of the novel. A. Henry James?
B. William Dean Howells? C. Mark Twain?s D. O. Henry?s
19. With William Dean Howells, James, and Mark Twain active on the scene, ________ became the major trend in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century.
A. Sentimentalism B. Romanticism C. realism D. naturalism
20. Choose the three staunch advocates of 19th-century American realism. A. Mark Twain B. Henry James C. William dean Howells D. Jack London
21. Mark Twain was a great social critic and a friend of the Chinese. His Disgraceful Persecution of a Boy is a scathing piece of criticism directed against the persecution of the _________ immigrants in California. A. Quakers B. Chinese C. French D. Japanese
22. Stephen Crane?s best short stories include _______________, all reinforcing the basic Crane motif of environment and heredity overwhelming man. A. Open Boat B. The Blue Hotel
C. An Experiment in Misery D. The Red Badge of Courage
23. Theodore Dreiser was left-oriented in his views. He visited Russia and
wrote ________ and __________ to express his new faith, and shortly
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