培生学堂 八年级下
2) letter作可数名词，表示“字母”的意思 e.g. Write down these letters, please.
6. I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me. Disabled形容词，意为“丧失能力的，有残疾的”，它是动词disable（使···丧失能力）加后缀ed构成的
e.g. We should help disabled people.
It’s important to make fun of a disabled man.
7. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. Make a difference to 意为“对···产生影响”，difference前面可加修饰词，如big, great等，to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词
e.g. Education can make a big difference to the quality of a person’s life. The accident has made a great difference to his life. 【拓展】
Make no difference意为“对···没有影响” e.g. It makes no difference to me.
8. Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily.
Imagine动词，意为“想象，设想”，其后接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句 e.g. Can you imagine life on the moon?
I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
9/ Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulities. Difficulity作名词，意为“困难；难题”，其形容词为difficult，意为“困难的” 【拓展】
1) Difficulty表示抽象意义上的“困难”时，是不可数名词 e.g. Bad planning will lead to difficulty later.
2) have difficulty in doing sth. 表示“在做某事方面有困难” e.g. I had great difficulty (in) doing the work.
10. Opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me . 1) open 动词，意为“打开，张开”，反义词为close e.g. open the window, open your mouth Open与turn on 辨析：
Open指将原来关着的东西打开，turn on 指转动或推上开关等打开 2) carry及物动词，意为“拿，提，扛”
e.g. He always carries a small box in his hand. Carry, bring, take的用法辨析：
Carry不表示动作的方向，一般指随身携带，如“扛、提、运”等 e.g. Please carry the bag for me.
Bring 指把人或物从别处带到说话者所在的地方 e.g. Bring the book to me, please.
Take指把人或物从说话者的地方带到别处去 e.g. Take my box to the room.
培生学堂 八年级下
【拓展】
Open 还可用作形容词，主要用法如下： 1) 开着的，反义词为closed e.g. All the doors are open. 2) 开张的，营业的
e.g. The shop is open from 9am to 6am. 3) 开放的
e.g. Our country is open to the world now.
11. Then one day last year, a friend of mine helped me out
1) a friend of mine指“我的一位朋友”，是双重所有格，相当于one of my friends. 2) help sb. out指“帮助某人摆脱困境；帮助某人解决难题” e.g. Help them out as possible as you can.
12. I was excited about the idea of having a dog. 1) excited形容词，意为“兴奋的，激动的”，可作表语或定语，作表语时，主语一般是表示“人”的名词或代词；作定语时，一般修饰表示“人”的名词或代词 e.g. Tom was excited after hearing of the good news. The excited children are opening their presents. Excited与exciting的用法辨析：
Excited意为“兴奋的，激动的”，多用于修饰人；exciting意为“使人兴奋的，刺激的”，修饰物
e.g. The boy was excited when he heard the exciting news. 2) be excited about 意为“对···感到兴奋、激动” e.g. I was excited about going to the zoo.
13. Lucky is very clever and understands many English words.
Understand既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，意为“理解；领会；明白” e.g. Do you understand me?
He doesn’t understand English. 【拓展】
1） understand后可接从句：
e.g. I understand you’re going to teach American Chinese. 2) make oneself understood意为“让某人了解自己的意思” e.g. I can’t make myself understood in English.
单元练习
Ⅱ.单项填空（30分）
21.Our parents often tell us notalone in the river in summer. A.swim B.to swim C.swimming D.swam 22.The father is creative enoughso many nice toys for his daughter. A.buying B.making C.to buy D.to make 23.I often saw the boysin the river. A.swam B.swimming C.to swim D.swim
培生学堂 八年级下
24.It takes me two hoursmy homework every day. A.doing B.to do C.did D.does 25.The glass of water is too hot. Would you please give me some cold water? A.drink B.drinking C.to drink D.drunk 26.It’s easythe problem.
A.for him solve B.for him to solve C.of him solving D.of him to solve 27.is not easy to look after a little baby. A.The B.What C.It D.How 28.I hopeyou next Sunday. A.see B.to see C.sees D.seeing 29.Uncle Ted was very rich. But now he has no place to. A.live B. live on C.live in D.live with 30.—Could you please pass me the book?— A.Yes, I could. B.No, I couldn’t. C.Sure, here you are. D.No, that’s no problem. 31.—What are you doing, Uncle Wang?
—I’m sorting out old books and I’llto kids in West China. A.give them up B.give them away C.give them off D.give them in 32.We foundnecessary to protect animals in danger. A.it B.this C.that D./ 33.You shouldsmoking. It’s bad for your health. A.get up B.put up C.give up D.look up 34.Thank you for your,otherwise I couldn’t finish my study. A.kind B.kindly C.kindness D.kinds 35.He is strongfootball. A.in play B.in playing C.at play D.at playing Ⅲ.完形填空（10分）
One day, Peter had a fight with one of his classmates. Then he went to his grandfather and told him his story 36 .“He is really bad，”the boy said,“and I 37 him.”
The grandfather said,“ 38 me tell you a story. When I was a boy, I too, sometimes hated others for what they did.”
As Peter 39 carefully, the grandfather went on.“There are always two tigers inside my heart. One is 40 and kind. He gets on well 41 everything around him. But 42 is bad and unfriendly. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all the time, and for no reason. He can’t think carefully 43 he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart. They both try to control（控制）me.”
Peter looked into his grandfather’s 44 and asked,“ 45 tiger always controls you, Grandfather?”
The old man said slowly and seriously,“The one that I feed. I always feed the good and kind tiger, so I never hate others and seldom（很少）get angry now.” 36.A.happily B.friendly C.hardly D.angrily 37.A.love B.hate C.know D.enjoy 38.A.Make B.Help C.Let D.Ask 39.A.saw B.felt C.talked D.listened
培生学堂 八年级下
40.A.good B.bad C.lazy D.quiet 41.A.at B.on C.with D.about 42.A.other B.others C.another D.the other 43.A.because B.though C.before D.but 44.A.eyes B.ears C.nose D.mouth 45.A.Who B.Which C.Where D.When Ⅳ.阅读理解（20分）
Have you ever been to Taiwan, the biggest island of China? Do you want tovisit there? We’ll show you the best Taiwan Island.
On a four-day tour. Price: Only ￥5,000
Including: Round-way plane tickets between Beijing and Taiwan.
Bus service around Taiwan. Best tour guide service.
Places
Sun and Moon Lake A beautiful lake. A small island. On one side of the island, the lake looks like the sun, on the other side it looks like the moon. That is why people call the lake Sun and Moon Lake.
Ali Mountain The nearest mountain around Sun and Moon Lake.A nice experience to have a party with Gaoshan people. A wonderful place to see a very beautiful sunrise.
Peng Lake A great place for swimming, fishing, boating and eating delicious fruit and fresh fish.
Gao Xiong A full day to go shopping. Book now
Office hour Monday—Friday: 9:00 am—7:00 pm; Saturday: 9:00 am—4:00 pm
Tel: 6459-9561
Sold out this month Book by phone now for next month. 46.Which is the biggest island of China? A.Taiwan Island. B.Hainan Island. C.Diaoyu Island. D.Huangyan Island.
47.If you go on a trip in Taiwan, where can you see the beautiful sunrise? A.On Sun and Moon Lake. B.On Ali Mountain. C.On Peng Lake. D.In Gao Xiong. 48.The writer of this passage wants to. A.have more people to join the tour B.tell you something about Taiwan C.ask people not to trouble them on Sunday D.describe how beautiful Taiwan is 49.If you want to visit Taiwan this month, you have to. A.visit their office on Saturday B.phone the number 6459-9561 C.turn to some other travel agencies D.pay more to cover the same tour
50.If you are asked to add a sentence on top of this piece of writing, which of the following would be the most proper?
A.Taiwan is Part of China B.Take the Time to Learn in Your Holiday C.The Biggest Island of China D.Come and Join Us for Your Holiday Ⅴ.根据汉语提示完成句子（10分）
51.They are（募捐）for the students in Lushan earthquake.
培生学堂 八年级下
52.He（志愿帮助）old people at an Old People House. 53.To（使我们高兴的是），we found the owner of the lost dog. 54.The（感觉）of helping others makes me（觉得）happy. 55.They（有困难）climbing the mountain. Ⅵ.句型转换（10分）
56.She could play the piano when she was five years old.（改为同义句） She could play the pianofive.
57.I would like to be an animal doctor when I grow up.（改为同义句） Ian animal doctor when I grow up. 58.could，you ，the，kids，ask，let，you，hospital，visit，them，cheer，and，up，to，the（连词成句）
59.She decided that she would give away her old books to others.（改为简单句） She decidedher old books to others.
60.To do sports is important for us.（改为同义句） Itfor ussports.
Ⅶ.书面表达（20分）
动物是人类的好朋友，没有动物，人类也不能生存，但现在很多动物濒临灭绝，请你就如何帮助动物提出建议。
要求：1.内容包含动物面临的状况和建议；
2.书写认真，70词左右。
Ⅱ.21.B tell sb.(not) to do sth.，意为“告诉某人（不）做某事”。故选B。 22.D 本题考查enough to do结构的应用。根据结构排除A、B两项；根据句中
creative“有创意的”可知，此处为制造玩具，故选D。
23.D see sb. do sth.意为“看到某人做某事”，see sb. doing sth.意为“看到某人正在做某
事”。根据句意“我经常看到男孩们在河中游泳”可知，应用see sb. do sth.结构。答案选D。
24.B It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“花费某人一段时间做某事”。 25.C 动词不定式作后置定语，“some cold water to drink”意为“一些喝的冷水”。 26.B “It’s+adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.”是固定句型，根据该结构可排除A、C两项。当形
容词是表示品格的形容词时，用of结构；当形容词是表示事物性质的形容词时，用for结构。easy是表示事物性质的形容词，故选B。