文章分类:C++编程
1.autoscan (autoconf): 扫描源代码以搜寻普通的可移植性问题，比如检查编译器，库，头文件等，生成文件configure.scan,它是configure.ac的一个雏形。
your source files --> [autoscan*] --> [configure.scan] --> configure.ac
2.aclocal (automake):根据已经安装的宏，用户定义宏和acinclude.m4文件中的宏将configure.ac文件所需要的宏集中定义到文件 aclocal.m4中。aclocal是一个perl 脚本程序，它的定义是：“aclocal - create aclocal.m4 by scanning configure.ac”
user input files optional input process output files ================ ============== ======= ============
acinclude.m4 - - - - -. V .-------, configure.ac ------------------------>|aclocal|
{user macro files} ->| |------> aclocal.m4 `-------'
3.autoheader(autoconf): 根据configure.ac中的某些宏，比如cpp宏定义，运行m4，声称config.h.in
user input files optional input process output files ================ ============== ======= ============
aclocal.m4 - - - - - - - . | V .----------,
configure.ac ----------------------->|autoheader|----> autoconfig.h.in `----------'
4.automake: automake将Makefile.am中定义的结构建立Makefile.in，然后configure脚本将生成的Makefile.in文件转换 为Makefile。如果在configure.ac中定义了一些特殊的宏，比如AC_PROG_LIBTOOL，它会调用libtoolize，否则它 会自己产生config.guess和config.sub
user input files optional input processes output files ================ ============== ========= ============
.--------,
| | - - -> COPYING | | - - -> INSTALL | |------> install-sh | |------> missing
|automake|------> mkinstalldirs configure.ac ----------------------->| |
Makefile.am ----------------------->| |------> Makefile.in | |------> stamp-h.in .---+ | - - -> config.guess | | | - - -> config.sub | `------+-'
| | - - - -> config.guess |libtoolize| - - - -> config.sub | |--------> ltmain.sh | |--------> ltconfig `----------'
5.autoconf:将configure.ac中的宏展开，生成configure脚本。这个过程可能要用到aclocal.m4中定义的宏。
user input files optional input processes output files ================ ============== ========= ============
aclocal.m4 ,autoconfig.h.in - - - - - - -. V
.--------,
configure.ac ----------------------->|autoconf|------> configure
6. ./configure的过程
.------------->
[config.cache]
configure* --------------------------+-------------> config.log |
[config.h.in] -. v .--> [autoconfig.h]
+-------> config.status* -+ Makefile.in ---' `--> Makefile
7. make过程
[autoconfig.h] -.
+--> make* ---> 程序 Makefile ---'
.---------,
config.site - - ->| |
config.cache - - ->|configure| - - -> config.cache | +-, `-+-------' |
| |----> config.status config.h.in ------->|config- |----> config.h Makefile.in ------->| .status|----> Makefile | |----> stamp-h | +--, .-+ | | | `------+--' |
ltmain.sh ------->|ltconfig|-------> libtool | | | `-+------' | |config.guess| | config.sub | `------------'
.--------,
Makefile ------>| | config.h ------>| make | {project sources} ---------------->| |--------> {project targets} .-+ +--, | `--------' | | libtool | | missing |
| install-sh | |mkinstalldirs| `-------------'
实例：
在/hello/目录下创建一个hello.c文件，并编译运行它： #cd /hello/
(1) 编写源文件hello.c： #include
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
printf(\return 0; }
[litao@vm0000131 hello]$ ll total 4
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 68 Aug 12 12:02 hello.c 一、autoscan
[litao@vm0000131 hello]$ autoscan
autom4te: configure.ac: no such file or directory
autoscan: /usr/bin/autom4te failed with exit status: 1 [litao@vm0000131 hello]$ ll total 8
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 0 Aug 12 12:03 autoscan.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 457 Aug 12 12:03 configure.scan -rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 68 Aug 12 12:02 hello.c 已经生成了configure.scan，autoscan.log文件
将configure.scan 修改为 configure.in，最后修改的内容如下： [litao@vm0000131 hello]$ mv configure.scan configure.in [litao@vm0000131 hello]$ vim configure.in
# -*- Autoconf -*- # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
AC_PREREQ(2.59)
AC_INIT(FULL-PACKAGE-NAME, VERSION, BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS)
AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([hello.c]) #AC_CONFIG_HEADER([config.h]) AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(hello, 1.0) # Checks for programs. AC_PROG_CC
# Checks for libraries.
# Checks for header files.
# Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
# Checks for library functions. AC_OUTPUT(Makefile) 二、acloacl
[litao@vm0000131 hello]$ aclocal
生成 aclocal.m4 和 autom4te.cache (生成aclocal.m4的过程中涉及到configure.in)
[litao@vm0000131 hello]$ ll total 44
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 31120 Aug 12 12:08 aclocal.m4 drwxr-xr-x 2 litao litao 4096 Aug 12 12:08 autom4te.cache -rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 0 Aug 12 12:03 autoscan.log -rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 496 Aug 12 12:08 configure.in -rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 68 Aug 12 12:02 hello.c 三、antoconf
[litao@vm0000131 hello]$ autoconf
生成 configure (根据 configure.in, 和 aclocal.m4) [litao@vm0000131 hello]$ ll total 168
-rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 31120 Aug 12 12:08 aclocal.m4 drwxr-xr-x 2 litao litao 4096 Aug 12 12:11 autom4te.cache -rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 0 Aug 12 12:03 autoscan.log -rwxrwxr-x 1 litao litao 122297 Aug 12 12:11 configure -rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 496 Aug 12 12:08 configure.in -rw-rw-r-- 1 litao litao 68 Aug 12 12:02 hello.c
四、编写Makefile.am：